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Longevity · Pill

Pancragen

Gray market

Checked · 23 sources · 12 corrections on this page · No vendors · No affiliates · No one buys a word of it

0 human trials for this use

Preclinical · cell and animal studies

Gray market · No FDA ruling — not on any list

Sold as a research chemical. Some clinics and pharmacies still supply it; that’s their risk, not a change in the rule.

Bottom line

A Khavinson diabetes-adjacent idea stuck in the lab. Real diabetes care still runs on GLP-1s and metformin (American Diabetes Association, 2024).

Also called
  • KEDW tetrapeptide
  • Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp
  • pancreatic bioregulator
  • Khavinson framework peptide
Category
Peptide — Khavinson Pancreatic Bioregulator
Molecular Weight
576.6 Da (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp)
Sequence
4 aa (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp)
Route (studied)
  • Oral, with IM in its 2019 report (people, one small randomized trial)
  • IM, oral (people, patent reports only)
  • IM (monkeys)
  • IP (rats, in the patent)
Route (sold)
Oral/sublingual (supplement); SubQ vials (research chemical)
Target Tissue
Pancreatic islets & exocrine
Developer
Khavinson (St. Petersburg)
FDA Status
Not approved
Russia Status
Dietary supplement registration
Evidence Strength
Khavinson lab; minimal independent replication
WADA Status
Not specifically listed — prohibited at all times under S0 (no government has approved it for human therapeutic use)
Cost & Access
Research-only (US)

Also for longevity

The other four questions

What does it do? In old monkeys, 10 days of injections sped the clearing of sugar from the blood and normalized the insulin response (Goncharova et al., 2014); in older people with type 2 diabetes, 3 weeks of it on top of glibenclamide lowered fasting glucose by 11.7% (Korkushko et al., 2011).
Who uses it? It is sold in Russia as a dietary supplement for the pancreas (Russian product labeling) and elsewhere as a research chemical; its human studies were in people with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (Korkushko et al., 2011; Korkushko et al., 2013). Its card is under Longevity, with the Khavinson peptides sold for an organ Kalios has no group for, as it has none for the pancreas.
Does the evidence hold up? Two decades of work from the Khavinson group and its collaborators: cell and animal studies and three small human reports, the largest a 3-week randomized trial in 33 older people with type 2 diabetes (Korkushko et al., 2011). No trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Independent replication is minimal.
Bottom line? A Khavinson diabetes-adjacent idea stuck in the lab. Real diabetes care still runs on GLP-1s and metformin (American Diabetes Association, 2024).

Dosing from the Literature

Published for the pancreas: 100 µg capsules, 1–2 capsules once or twice a day for a month, on the Russian supplement label, and oral or injected doses from small studies in people with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (below). Not published: a placebo-controlled trial in a journal.

The Russian label gives a one-month course, with a repeat course after 4–6 months (Russian product labeling); the studies below gave it for 10 days to 4 weeks.

ProtocolDoseFrequencyNotes
Oral capsule (Russian supplement)100 µg per capsule; 1–2 capsules1–2 times a day with meals for 1 month; the label advises a repeat course after 4–6 monthsRussian product labeling (Pancragen capsules, 0.2 g): adults
Oral, added to glibenclamide100 mg, as the paper prints itTwice a day for 3 weeksTrial: 16 people aged 60–74 with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c over 7.5% on glibenclamide, randomized against 17 who stayed on glibenclamide alone (Korkushko et al., 2011). The same authors' 2019 conference abstract, reporting the same glucose results, gives the doses as 10 µg injected into muscle daily plus 200 µg by mouth (Shatylo et al., 2019).
Intramuscular injection10 µgOnce a day for 10 daysDevelopers' patent: 16 of 36 people aged 16–83 with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, most on insulin, alongside their usual treatment; the control group got saline injections (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703)
Oral tablet100 µgTwice a day before meals for 10 daysSame patent: 4 people with diabetes, alongside their usual treatment (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703)
"Pankragen forte" (route not stated in the abstract)500 µgTwice a day, morning and evening, for 4 weeksStudy: 12 people aged 60 and over with impaired glucose tolerance (Korkushko et al., 2013)
Intramuscular injection (monkeys)50 µg per animalOnce a day for 10 daysOld female rhesus monkeys (Goncharova et al., 2014)
Dosing Disclaimer

Pancragen has no labeled human dose under any pharmaceutical regulatory system; its only labels are Russian dietary-supplement labels, and the capsule label gives 100–400 µg a day (Russian product labeling). No human dose-finding study was found, and the two reports of the 2011 trial give doses about 1,000 times apart (Korkushko et al., 2011; Shatylo et al., 2019). Pancragen is not a substitute for FDA-approved diabetes drugs: GLP-1 agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide), metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors and insulin are the drugs of the American Diabetes Association's Standards of Care (American Diabetes Association, 2024).

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What It Is

Pancragen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (a chain of 4 amino acids) with the amino acid sequence Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp (L-lysyl-L-glutamyl-L-aspartyl-L-tryptophan), abbreviated KEDW, and a molecular weight of about 576 daltons; the developers' patent describes it as the C-terminal amide, Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp-NH2 (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703). It belongs to the family of "short peptide bioregulators" developed and systematically characterized by Professor Vladimir Khavinson and colleagues at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology (Khavinson & Morozov, 2003). Each Khavinson peptide is targeted to a specific organ or tissue system — Epithalon (AEDG) to the pineal (small brain gland that makes melatonin) gland and aging, Thymalin / Thymogen to thymus and immune function, Cortexin / Pinealon (EDR) to brain and cognition, Vilon (KE) to thymus, Bronchogen (AEDL) to lung — and Pancragen is positioned as the pancreas-specific member of the series.

The Khavinson framework emerged from mid-1970s work in which his group fractionated tissue-specific peptide extracts from bovine organs (cerebral cortex, thymus, prostate, pineal) and observed tissue-trophic effects in aged and diseased animal models. Over the subsequent decades, progressively smaller active fragments were identified from each extract until "minimal pharmacologically active" dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides were isolated. Pancragen is the synthetic version of the active tetrapeptide identified in pancreatic tissue extracts.

Pancreas-specific clinical indications within the Russian framework have included: age-related decline in pancreatic endocrine function (reduced insulin secretion, glucose intolerance progressing toward type 2 diabetes), early-stage type 2 diabetes as adjunct to standard care, chronic pancreatitis with exocrine insufficiency, and supportive care during pancreatic surgery recovery. The Russian supplement label gives a one-month course, repeated after 4–6 months (Russian product labeling); the published studies gave it for 10 days to 4 weeks.

In Russia, Pancragen-branded products are registered as dietary supplements / biologically active food additives (БАД), primarily through Khavinson-group companies. They are not registered as pharmaceutical drugs with proprietary NDA-equivalent dossiers under the Russian pharmaceutical regulatory system. In the United States, Pancragen is not FDA-approved for any indication and is not eligible for 503A or 503B compounding because no FDA-approved reference product exists for the defined sequence. Community use is supplied through research-chemical vendors; quality and verification practices vary substantially among suppliers.

Who Khavinson was, and what his record supports →

Mechanism of Action

Pancragen's proposed mechanism centers on the same small-peptide nuclear-regulatory framework Khavinson applies to the other short-peptide bioregulators. In the group's cell cultures, KEDW changed gene activity in pancreatic cells and AEDL (Bronchogen) in bronchial cells, and the authors suggest changes in gene-promoter methylation as one cause (Ashapkin et al., 2015).

  • Small peptide size — Pancragen is four amino acids long; the Khavinson group's 2021 review says peptides of 2–7 amino acids can enter cell nuclei and bind histones and DNA (Khavinson et al., 2021).
  • DNA and histone binding — The group proposes that short peptides bind DNA and histones at gene promoters and so change which genes are read. For KEDW, its UV-spectroscopy, circular-dichroism and computer-modelling work places binding at the DNA sequence ACCT, found in promoters of pancreatic-cell genes, and the group offers this as the explanation for the peptide's reported effects (Khavinson et al., 2021).
  • Pancreatic-cell genes — In human pancreatic cells, the group reports that KEDW raised the activity of genes important for the function of pancreatic endocrine cells (PDX1, NGN3, MNX1, PAX6, FOXA2, NKX2-2, NKX6.1, HOXA3 and PAX4) (Khavinson et al., 2021); in cultures of aging pancreatic cells, the authors suggest changes in the methylation of the PDX1, PAX6 and NGN3 promoters as one cause (Ashapkin et al., 2015).
  • Insulin response to glucose — In old female rhesus monkeys, 10 days of injections sped the clearing of injected glucose and normalized the insulin and C-peptide response, an effect partly still present 3 weeks after the last dose (Goncharova et al., 2014).
  • Short-peptide "epigenetic" framing — The Khavinson group describes its short peptides as epigenetic regulators that act through DNA methylation and histone binding (Ashapkin et al., 2015; Khavinson et al., 2021).

What the Research Shows

Pancragen's evidence base is Russian-centric and concentrated in the Khavinson group, consistent with the pattern of the other Khavinson bioregulators.

  • Diabetic rat models — In rats with alloxan-induced diabetes, 3 µg per rat injected daily for 11 days lowered blood glucose by 38% on average, and in the 8 days after the course blood insulin was 3.9 times that of saline-treated rats, the developers' patent reports (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703).
  • β-cell culture apoptosis (programmed cell death) protection — In vitro β-cell line studies (MIN6, INS-1E) show reduced apoptosis markers under glucolipotoxic stress conditions when Pancragen is present in culture media.
  • PDX-1 and INS gene upregulation — Quantitative RT-PCR in cultured β-cells and pancreatic tissue from treated animals shows increased transcription of insulin and PDX-1 genes after Pancragen exposure.
  • Age-related pancreatic function studies (Linkova, Khavinson) — Russian clinical and cell-culture studies examining Pancragen's effects on age-associated decline in pancreatic secretory capacity.
  • Type 2 diabetes clinical reports — A 3-week randomized trial in 33 older people with type 2 diabetes on glibenclamide (Korkushko et al., 2011) and the developers' saline-controlled patent study in 36 people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703); no placebo-controlled journal trial.
  • Chronic pancreatitis exocrine support — Reports describing improved digestive symptoms and pancreatic enzyme markers in chronic pancreatitis patients treated within the Khavinson bioregulator framework.
  • Khavinson-framework comprehensive reviews — Khavinson-authored reviews place Pancragen within the broader bioregulator landscape alongside Epithalon, Thymalin, Pinealon, and related peptides (Biogerontology 2010; Molecules 2021); the 2002 monograph predates Pancragen, which the developers first patented in 2003.
  • Peptide-DNA binding studies (Kolchina, Khavinson; Nucleic Acids Res 2019) — A computer-modelling search for dipeptides that bind double-stranded DNA; it did not test KEDW, whose DNA-binding work the group's 2021 review summarizes (Khavinson et al., 2021).
  • Independent replication gap — Outside the Khavinson group and affiliated St. Petersburg laboratories, independent replication of Pancragen's pancreas-specific effects is minimal. The peptide-DNA-binding framework itself is the subject of ongoing methodological debate in mainstream molecular biology.
  • No Phase 2 or Phase 3 Western RCT — The evidence gap separating Pancragen from approved diabetes pharmacotherapies (metformin, GLP-1 agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, insulin, pramlintide) is the critical honest framing.
Honest Evidence Framing

Pancragen has a coherent Khavinson-framework preclinical and Russian-clinical evidence base. It does not have Western Phase 2 or Phase 3 RCT validation. Independent laboratory replication of the pancreas-specific gene expression claims is limited. Approved diabetes pharmacotherapies (metformin, GLP-1 agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, insulin, pramlintide) have orders of magnitude more rigorous evidence and are the clinical standard of care. Pancragen is best framed as an experimental adjunct within the bioregulator paradigm, not as a stand-alone substitute for these validated agents.

Human Data

Human evidence for Pancragen comes from small reports by the Khavinson group and its collaborators in Russia and Ukraine:

  • Type 2 diabetes trial — In a 3-week trial, 33 people aged 60–74 with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c over 7.5% on glibenclamide were randomized to add Pancragen or not; with Pancragen, fasting glucose fell 11.7% and HOMA-IR 18.8%, with no change in the comparison group (Korkushko et al., 2011). In the developers' patent, half of 16 insulin-treated patients given Pancragen injections needed less insulin, against none of 16 given saline (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703).
  • Chronic pancreatitis clinical reports — Russian case series describing improved digestive symptoms, pancreatic enzyme replacement reduction, and inflammatory marker improvement with Pancragen courses.
  • Age-related metabolic decline — In 12 people aged 60 and over with impaired glucose tolerance, 4 weeks of a product the authors call Pankragen forte lowered glucose during a glucose tolerance test in half of them (Korkushko et al., 2013).
  • Post-surgical pancreatic recovery — Anecdotal reports of Pancragen use during recovery from partial pancreatectomy or pancreatic trauma.
  • No published Phase 2 or Phase 3 RCT — For any indication at FDA/EMA regulatory quality standards.
  • Small Russian controlled trials — Small Khavinson-group controlled studies have been published in Russian gerontology and endocrinology journals; translation and methodological transparency are limited.
  • Safety experience — Decades of Russian-framework use in the dietary-supplement regulatory category have not surfaced significant safety signals at labeled doses.

The pattern mirrors other Khavinson peptides: substantial Russian clinical experience and preclinical mechanism, limited Western methodological replication, no FDA-quality Phase 3 program. Users choosing Pancragen are implicitly accepting this evidence profile.

Reconstitution & Storage

A research-chemical seller lists Pancragen as 20 mg vials of lyophilized powder, sold for laboratory research only; the Russian supplement comes as capsules and tablets (Russian product labeling).

Vial SizeFormatBAC Water
20 mgLyophilized1 mL (20 mg/mL)
Capsule, 0.2 g (Russian supplement)100 µg of peptide per capsuleNone required
  • Oral dosing — The Russian label gives the capsules by mouth with meals (Russian product labeling); the developers' patent gave its tablets before meals (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703).
  • Storage — The Russian label lists the capsules at 2–25°C, dry and out of the light, with a 5-year shelf life (Russian product labeling). No storage figures for the research vials were found.

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Side Effects & Risks

Important

Pancragen is an experimental Khavinson peptide, tested in people only in small studies (Korkushko et al., 2011; Korkushko et al., 2013). It is not an approved drug in the US, and in Russia it is sold as a dietary supplement (Russian product labeling); its diabetes studies added it to existing treatment rather than replacing it (Korkushko et al., 2011). Consult a licensed healthcare provider.

Published safety data on Pancragen are limited to a few small studies by the Khavinson group and its collaborators.

  • Tolerability — In a 2019 abstract, the authors of the 2011 trial report no adverse events or laboratory changes caused by Pancragen in the 16 people given it for 3 weeks (Shatylo et al., 2019); the developers' patent calls it non-toxic in animal tests (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703).
  • Hypoglycemia risk (theoretical) — Added to glibenclamide, it lowered fasting glucose by 11.7% (Korkushko et al., 2011), and in the developers' patent half of the insulin-treated patients given it needed less insulin (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703), so in theory it could add to the effect of insulin or sulfonylureas. None of these reports mentions low blood sugar.
  • Drug interactions — No interaction study was found, and the Russian label lists none (Russian product labeling).
  • Pregnancy / lactation — The Russian label lists pregnancy and breastfeeding as contraindications (Russian product labeling); no study in pregnancy was found.
  • Pediatric use — The Russian label gives doses for adults only (Russian product labeling).
  • Cancer concerns (theoretical) — No study of Pancragen and cancer was found.
  • Purity / sourcing — Outside Russia it is sold as a research chemical, for laboratory use only, and is not held to drug-quality standards.
  • WADA status — Not specifically named on the Prohibited List as of 2026.
  • FDA status — Not approved; not scheduled. Research-chemical supply in the US.

Bloodwork & Monitoring

No label, trial or guideline sets monitoring for Pancragen. Its human studies measured fasting glucose and glucose during a glucose tolerance test, HbA1c, insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (Korkushko et al., 2011; Korkushko et al., 2013), and the developers' patent tracked insulin doses (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703).

Commonly Stacked With

No study or label that pairs Pancragen with another peptide was found. Its human studies added it to diabetes treatment: glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea, in the 2011 trial (Korkushko et al., 2011), and insulin or diabetes tablets in the developers' patent (Khavinson et al., US Patent 7,491,703).

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Legal Status

Current Status — April 2026

Pancragen is not FDA-approved for any indication in the United States. It is not registered as a pharmaceutical drug in any major Western regulatory jurisdiction.

In Russia, Pancragen (and related Khavinson peptide products marketed by Khavinson-affiliated companies) is registered as a biologically active food additive (БАД / dietary supplement) rather than as a pharmaceutical drug. This is the regulatory category of the institute's other Cytogen capsules, such as Pinealon and Bronchogen; Thymalin, a calf-thymus extract, is a registered medicine there.

Pancragen is not on the FDA Category 2 Bulk Drug Substances list, and it was not among the 12 peptides FDA removed from that list in April 2026 (FDA 503A categories list, April 22, 2026). US 503A/503B compounding pharmacies cannot legally compound Pancragen because no FDA-approved reference product exists.

Pancragen is not named on the WADA Prohibited List, but S0 prohibits at all times any substance with no current government approval for human therapeutic use (WADA Prohibited List 2026).

Cost & Access

Pancragen (KEDW tetrapeptide) is not approved for human use in the United States or any major Western regulator. It is available through research-chemical suppliers in the US for laboratory research purposes only. U.S. compounding pharmacies cannot legally compound Pancragen under current FDA rules — there is no FDA-approved reference product.

In Russia, Pancragen-branded oral and sublingual formulations are available through Russian pharmacies under the dietary-supplement regulatory framework, manufactured and distributed primarily by Khavinson-affiliated companies. Personal-use import to the United States exists in a legal gray area; bulk import is prosecuted.

A research-chemical seller lists Pancragen as 20 mg vials of lyophilized KEDW powder.

Pancragen was not among the 12 peptides FDA removed from Category 2 in April 2026 (FDA 503A categories list, April 22, 2026). Without a sponsor advancing the molecule through the NDA/IND pathway — and no such program has been publicly announced — Pancragen is likely to remain a research-only / Russian-dietary-supplement compound for the foreseeable future.

Estimated availability as of April 2026. Actual costs vary by provider, location, and prescription status. Kalios does not sell compounds.

References

  1. Khavinson VKh. Peptides and Ageing. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23 Suppl 3:11-144. PMID: 12374906. (Comprehensive Khavinson peptide framework monograph; includes Pancragen.)
  2. Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3-4):233-240. PMID: 14523363.
  3. Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh. Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects. Biogerontology. 2010;11(2):139-149. PMID: 19830585.
  4. Khavinson VKh, Malinin VV. Gerontological Aspects of Genome Peptide Regulation. Karger; Basel; 2005. DOI: 10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-01193-7. (Monograph; framework reference for all Khavinson peptides including Pancragen.)
  5. Khavinson V, Popovich I, Linkova N, Mironova E, Ilina A. Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review. Molecules. 2021;26(22):7053. PMID: 34834147.
  6. Kolchina N, Khavinson V, Linkova N, Yakutseni P, Petukhov M, Morozova E, Ashapkin V. Systematic search for structural motifs of peptide binding to double-stranded DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(20):10553-10563. PMID: 31598715.
  7. Linkova NS, Drobintseva AO, Orlova OA, et al. Peptide regulation of beta-cell function during aging. Adv Gerontol. 2015;28(3):478-484.
  8. Ashapkin VV, Linkova NS, Khavinson VKh, Vanyushin BF. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Peptidergic Regulation of Gene Expression during Aging of Human Cells. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2015;80(3):310-322. PMID: 25761685.
  9. Khavinson VK, Kuznik BI, Lin'kova NS, et al. Peptide Medicines: Past, Present, Future. Clin Med (Russian Journal). 2022;100(1):5-13. (Comprehensive framework review placing Pancragen in broader bioregulator context.)
  10. Khavinson VKh, Popovich IG, Linkova NS, Mironova ES, Ilina AR. Peptide regulation of aging: methodology and evidence. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2022.
  11. Khavinson V, Linkova N, Diatlova A, Trofimova S. Peptide Regulation of Cell Differentiation, Proliferation, and Apoptosis. Adv Gerontol. 2020;10(2):98-106.
  12. Khavinson VKh, Kuznik BI, Trofimova SV, Lin'kova NS. Cortexin and its short peptides AEDG and EDR modulate gene expression of proteins in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Khim. 2020. (Parallel framework evidence for the Khavinson short-peptide gene-expression paradigm.)
  13. Khavinson V, Diomede F, Mironova E, Linkova N, Trofimova S, Trubiani O, Caputi S, Sinjari B. AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(2):609. PMID: 32019204.
  14. Khavinson VK. Peptide regulation of ageing: 40 years of research. Adv Gerontol. 2020. (Retrospective review of the Khavinson peptide program; Pancragen placed in context.)
  15. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2024 / 2025. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1). (Context reference: FDA-approved standard-of-care diabetes pharmacotherapy landscape.)
  16. FDA. Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (503A categories list), versions updated April 15, April 22 and May 14, 2026. fda.gov/media/94155/download. Read October 3, 2026. (Notice that 12 peptides would leave Category 2 because their nominations were withdrawn; their removal; GHK-Cu, except injectable, back in Category 1.)
  17. Korkushko OV, Khavinson VKh, Shatilo VB, Antonyk-Sheglova IA, Bondarenko EV. Prospects of using pancragen for correction of metabolic disorders in elderly people. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2011;151(4):454-456. PMID: 22448364. (Full text read for the dose and groups.)
  18. Shatylo V, Korkushko O, Khavinson V. Efficacy of Pancragen tetrapeptide therapy in senior patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Abstract, 9th IAGG-ER Congress, Gothenburg, May 23–25, 2019. khavinson.info/assets/files/skan/efficacy-of-pancragen-tetrapeptide-thearpy-in-senior-patients.pdf. Read October 3, 2026. (Conference abstract on the 2011 trial.)
  19. Korkushko OV, Chizhova VP, Shatilo VB, Khavinson VK. [The tetrapeptide pankragen forte efficiency in elderly people with prediabetic state]. Adv Gerontol. 2013;26(2):297-308. PMID: 28976155. (In Russian; abstract read.)
  20. Goncharova ND, Ivanova LG, Oganian TE, Vengerin AA, Khavinson VKh. [Impact of tetrapeptide pancragen on endocrine function of the pancreas in old monkeys]. Adv Gerontol. 2014;27(4):662-667. PMID: 25946840. (In Russian; abstract read.)
  21. Khavinson VKh, Malinin VV, Grigoriev EI, Ryzhak GA. Tetrapeptide regulating blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus. US Patent 7,491,703 B2; February 17, 2009 (from Russian patent RU 2242241 C1, filed December 10, 2003). patents.google.com/patent/US7491703B2. Read October 3, 2026. (The developers' patent on Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp-NH2, which their papers call pancragen.)
  22. RLS drug encyclopedia. Панкраген® (Pancragen®), capsules 0.2 g: dietary-supplement description based on the manufacturer's instructions (approved October 17, 2012). rlsnet.ru/baa/pankragen-32632 (updated August 8, 2022). Read October 3, 2026. (In Russian. The "Russian product labeling" cited above: 100 µg of peptide per capsule, dose, course, contraindications, storage at 2–25 °C, 5-year shelf life.)
  23. World Anti-Doping Agency. Prohibited List 2026 (in effect January 1, 2026). S0, Non-approved substances. wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf. Read October 3, 2026.

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Checked 18 Oct 2026