Pair page
KPV with LL-37
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for KPV and LL-37, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
alpha-msh-c-terminal-anti-inflammatory-tripeptide
human-cathelicidin-antimicrobial-host-defense
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying KPV and LL-37 have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
α-MSH-derived anti-inflammatory tripeptide. Conceptually paired with LL-37 in skin or gut inflammatory contexts where antimicrobial defense and inflammation modulation are both desired. No published combination data.
Quick facts
KPV
LL-37
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | KPV | Viennois E, Ingersoll SA, Ayyadurai S, et al. Critical Role of PepT1 in Promoting Colitis-Associated Cancer and Therapeutic Benefits of the Anti-inflammatory PepT1-Mediated Tripeptide KPV in a Murine Model. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;2(3):340-357. | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2014 | KPV | Xiao B, Laroui H, Viennois E, et al. Nanoparticles with surface antibody against CD98 and carrying CD98 small interfering RNA reduce colitis in mice. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(5):1289-1300.e1-19. | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2010 | KPV | Kannengiesser K, Lügering A, Maaser C, Domschke W, Luger TA, Kucharzik T. Treatment of murine colitis with the tripeptide KPV-review of recent findings. Falk Symp. 2010. | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2008 | KPV | Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, Luegering A, Ross M, Brzoska T, Bohm M, Luger TA, Domschke W, Kucharzik T. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(3):324-331. PMID: 180… PMID 18092346 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2008 | KPV | Brzoska T, Luger TA, Maaser C, Abels C, Böhm M. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and future perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Endocr Rev. 2… PMID 18612027 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2013 | KPV | Coco R, Plapied L, Pourcelle V, Jérôme C, Brayden DJ, Schneider YJ, Préat V. Drug delivery to inflamed colon by nanoparticles: comparison of different strategies. Int J Pharm. 2013;440(1):3-12. PMID: 22939963. PMID 22939963 | research article |
| 2009 | KPV | Capsoni F, Ongari AM, Reali E, Catania A. Melanocortin peptides inhibit urate crystal-induced activation of phagocytic cells. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(5):R151. PMID: 19814815. PMID 19814815 | research article |
| 2008 | KPV | Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178. PMID: 18061177. PMID 18061177 | research article |
| 2020 | LL-37 | Sancho-Vaello E, Gil-Carton D, François P, Bonetti EJ, Kreir M, Pothula KR, Kleinekathöfer U, Zeth K. The structure of the antimicrobial human cathelicidin LL-37 shows oligomerization and channel formation in the presence of membrane mimics. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):17356. (Crystal s… | mechanism / discovery |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Aoki W, Ueda M. Characterization of antimicrobial peptides toward the development of novel antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2013;6(8):1055-1081. (Therapeutic AMP development context.) | mechanism / discovery |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Steinhoff M, Schauber J, Leyden JJ. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6 Suppl 1):S15-S26. PMID: 24229632. (Rosacea LL-37 mechanism review.) PMID 24229632 | review |
| 2014 | LL-37 | Wang G, Mishra B, Epand RF, Epand RM. High-quality 3D structures shine light on antibacterial, anti-biofilm and antiviral activities of human cathelicidin LL-37 and its fragments. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1838(9):2160-2172. PMID: 24463069. (Structural biology review.) PMID 24463069 | research article |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ. Little peptide, big effects: the role of LL-37 in inflammation and autoimmune disease. J Immunol. 2013;191(10):4895-4901. PMID: 24185823. (Autoimmunity-driving role.) PMID 24185823 | research article |
| 2012 | LL-37 | Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease. Ann Dermatol. 2012;24(2):126-135. PMID: 22577261. PMID 22577261 | research article |
| 2009 | LL-37 | Lai Y, Gallo RL. AMPed up immunity: how antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defense. Trends Immunol. 2009;30(3):131-141. PMID: 19217824. PMID 19217824 | research article |
| 2008 | LL-37 | Schauber J, Gallo RL. The vitamin D pathway: a new target for control of the skin's immune response? Exp Dermatol. 2008;17(8):633-639. PMID: 18573153. (Vitamin D / cathelicidin in skin immunity review.) PMID 18573153 | research article |
| 2007 | LL-37 | Mookherjee N, Hancock RE. Cationic host defence peptides: innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007;64(7-8):922-933. PMID: 17310276. PMID 17310276 | research article |
| 2007 | LL-37 | Yamasaki K, Di Nardo A, Bardan A, Murakami M, Ohtake T, Coda A, Dorschner RA, Bonnart C, Descargues P, Hovnanian A, Morhenn VB, Gallo RL. Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. Nat Med. 2007;13(8):975-980. PMID: 17676051. (Rosa… PMID 17676051 | research article |
| 2006 | LL-37 | Mookherjee N, Brown KL, Bowdish DM, Doria S, Falsafi R, Hokamp K, Roche FM, Mu R, Doho GH, Pistolic J, Powers JP, Bryan J, Brinkman FS, Hancock RE. Modulation of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response by the endogenous human host defense peptide LL-37. J Immunol. 2006;176(4):245… PMID 16456005 | research article |
| 2005 | LL-37 | Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. FASEB J. 2005;19(9):1067-1077. PMID: 15985530. (The defining vitami… PMID 15985530 | research article |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have KPV and LL-37 been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of KPV and LL-37. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do KPV and LL-37 share?
KPV and LL-37 do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of KPV and LL-37?
KPV: Not approved. LL-37: Not approved (research). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on KPV and LL-37?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the KPV profile and the LL-37 profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026