Pair page
Bronchogen with LL-37
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for Bronchogen and LL-37, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
khavinson-bronchial-bioregulator
human-cathelicidin-antimicrobial-host-defense
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying Bronchogen and LL-37 have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
LL-37 is a cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with direct antimicrobial activity and broader mucosal-defense effects. A mechanistically distinct companion for respiratory-infection-focused protocols. Clinical evidence for the combination does not exist; mechanistic logic only.
Quick facts
Bronchogen
LL-37
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Bronchogen | Khavinson VKh, Popovich IG, Linkova NS, Mironova ES, Ilina AR. Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review. Molecules. 2021;26(22):7053. PMID: 34834147. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053. PMID 34834147 | systematic review |
| 2006 | Bronchogen | Gumen AV, Kozinets IA, Shanin SN, Malinin VV, Rybakina EG. Production of lymphocyte-activating factors by mouse macrophages during aging and under the effect of short peptides. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2006;142(3):360-362. PMID: 17266159. PMID 17266159 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2016 | Bronchogen | Linkova NS, Drobintseva AO, Orlova OA, Kuznetsova EP, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Khavinson VKh. Peptide regulation of skin fibroblast functions during their aging in vitro. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2016;161(1):175-178. PMID: 27259486. (Methodology reference… PMID 27259486 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2011 | Bronchogen | Fedoreyeva LI, Kireev II, Khavinson VKh, Vanyushin BF. Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and the specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA in vitro. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2011;76(11):1210-1219. PM… PMID 22117548 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2012 | Bronchogen | Khavinson VKh, Solov'ev AIu, Zhilinskii DV. Molecular mechanism of the peptide regulation of gene expression: a review. Advances in Gerontology. 2012;25(3):447-456. PMID: 23289233. (Program mechanism review including AEDL-class peptides.) PMID 23289233 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2003 | Bronchogen | Khavinson VKh, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2003;135(6):590-592. PMID: 12937682. (Sibling-peptide methodology reference.) PMID 12937682 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2002 | Bronchogen | Khavinson VKh. Peptides and ageing. Neuroendocrinology Letters. 2002;23(Suppl 3):11-144. PMID: 12496732. (Program-level review of the Khavinson short-peptide bioregulator framework.) PMID 12496732 | review |
| 2020 | Bronchogen | Khavinson V, Linkova N, Diatlova A, Trofimova S. Peptide Regulation of Cell Differentiation. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 2020;16(1):118-125. PMID: 31813120. DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09938-8. PMID 31813120 | bioregulator literature |
| 2016 | Bronchogen | Vanyushin BF, Khavinson VKh. Short Biologically Active Peptides as Epigenetic Modulators of Gene Activity. In: Doerfler W, Casadesús J (eds), Epigenetics — A Different Way of Looking at Genetics. Springer International Publishing, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27186-6_5. | bioregulator literature |
| 2012 | Bronchogen | Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Polyakova VO, Kheifets OV, Tarnovskaya SI, Kvetnoy IM. Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2012;153(1):148-151. PMID: 22808513. PMID 22808513 | bioregulator literature |
| 2011 | Bronchogen | Monaselidze JR, Khavinson VKh, Gorgoshidze MZ, Khachidze DG, Lomidze EM, Jokhadze TA, Lezhava TA. Effect of the peptide Bronchogen (Ala-Asp-Glu-Leu) on DNA thermostability. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2011;150(3):375-377. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1144-z. | bioregulator literature |
| 2010 | Bronchogen | Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh. Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects. Biogerontology. 2010;11(2):139-149. PMID: 19633997. PMID 19633997 | bioregulator literature |
| 2020 | LL-37 | Sancho-Vaello E, Gil-Carton D, François P, Bonetti EJ, Kreir M, Pothula KR, Kleinekathöfer U, Zeth K. The structure of the antimicrobial human cathelicidin LL-37 shows oligomerization and channel formation in the presence of membrane mimics. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):17356. (Crystal s… | mechanism / discovery |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Aoki W, Ueda M. Characterization of antimicrobial peptides toward the development of novel antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2013;6(8):1055-1081. (Therapeutic AMP development context.) | mechanism / discovery |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Steinhoff M, Schauber J, Leyden JJ. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6 Suppl 1):S15-S26. PMID: 24229632. (Rosacea LL-37 mechanism review.) PMID 24229632 | review |
| 2014 | LL-37 | Wang G, Mishra B, Epand RF, Epand RM. High-quality 3D structures shine light on antibacterial, anti-biofilm and antiviral activities of human cathelicidin LL-37 and its fragments. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1838(9):2160-2172. PMID: 24463069. (Structural biology review.) PMID 24463069 | research article |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ. Little peptide, big effects: the role of LL-37 in inflammation and autoimmune disease. J Immunol. 2013;191(10):4895-4901. PMID: 24185823. (Autoimmunity-driving role.) PMID 24185823 | research article |
| 2012 | LL-37 | Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease. Ann Dermatol. 2012;24(2):126-135. PMID: 22577261. PMID 22577261 | research article |
| 2009 | LL-37 | Lai Y, Gallo RL. AMPed up immunity: how antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defense. Trends Immunol. 2009;30(3):131-141. PMID: 19217824. PMID 19217824 | research article |
| 2008 | LL-37 | Schauber J, Gallo RL. The vitamin D pathway: a new target for control of the skin's immune response? Exp Dermatol. 2008;17(8):633-639. PMID: 18573153. (Vitamin D / cathelicidin in skin immunity review.) PMID 18573153 | research article |
| 2007 | LL-37 | Mookherjee N, Hancock RE. Cationic host defence peptides: innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007;64(7-8):922-933. PMID: 17310276. PMID 17310276 | research article |
| 2007 | LL-37 | Yamasaki K, Di Nardo A, Bardan A, Murakami M, Ohtake T, Coda A, Dorschner RA, Bonnart C, Descargues P, Hovnanian A, Morhenn VB, Gallo RL. Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. Nat Med. 2007;13(8):975-980. PMID: 17676051. (Rosa… PMID 17676051 | research article |
| 2006 | LL-37 | Mookherjee N, Brown KL, Bowdish DM, Doria S, Falsafi R, Hokamp K, Roche FM, Mu R, Doho GH, Pistolic J, Powers JP, Bryan J, Brinkman FS, Hancock RE. Modulation of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response by the endogenous human host defense peptide LL-37. J Immunol. 2006;176(4):245… PMID 16456005 | research article |
| 2005 | LL-37 | Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. FASEB J. 2005;19(9):1067-1077. PMID: 15985530. (The defining vitami… PMID 15985530 | research article |
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Frequently asked
Have Bronchogen and LL-37 been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of Bronchogen and LL-37. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do Bronchogen and LL-37 share?
Bronchogen and LL-37 do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of Bronchogen and LL-37?
Bronchogen: Not approved. LL-37: Not approved (research). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on Bronchogen and LL-37?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the Bronchogen profile and the LL-37 profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026