Pair page
BPC-157 with LL-37
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for BPC-157 and LL-37, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
cytoprotectiontissue-repair
human-cathelicidin-antimicrobial-host-defense
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying BPC-157 and LL-37 have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
Tissue-repair and angiogenesis support. Conceptually complementary to LL-37's wound-healing / angiogenesis signaling but mechanism-distinct. No published combination data.
Quick facts
BPC-157
LL-37
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | BPC-157 | Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, Karns M, Calcei JG, Voos JE, Apostolakos JM. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. PMID: 40756949. (544 articles screened, 36 studies included — the single most comprehensive systematic revie… PMID 40756949 | systematic review |
| — | BPC-157 | ClinicalTrials.gov. Study of PL 14736 in Subjects With Ulcerative Colitis. NCT05765058. | human trial |
| 2025 | BPC-157 | Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. PMID: 40131143. PMID 40131143 | human pilot |
| 2024 | BPC-157 | Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024;30(10):12-17. | human pilot |
| 2020 | BPC-157 | Xu C, Sun L, Ren F, Huang P, Tian Z, Cui J, et al. Preclinical safety evaluation of body protective compound-157, a potential drug for treating various wounds. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020;114:104665. (Independent safety study in mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs — no LD1 identifie… | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2006 | BPC-157 | Krivic A, Majerovic M, Jelic I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(5):982-989. PMID: 16583442. PMID 16583442 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2003 | BPC-157 | Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Patrlj L, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. PMID: 14554208. PMID 14554208 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2025 | BPC-157 | McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025;18(12):611-619. PMID: 40789979. PMID 40789979 | review |
| 2025 | BPC-157 | FDA. Bulk Drug Substances That Raise Significant Safety Risks (Category 2) Under Section 503A / 503B. FDA.gov. Updated 2025. | regulatory / registry |
| — | BPC-157 | USADA. BPC-157: Experimental Peptide Creates Risk for Athletes. U.S. Anti-Doping Agency. usada.org. | regulatory / registry |
| 2025 | BPC-157 | Józwiak M, Bauer M, Kamysz W, Kleczkowska P. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide—Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(2):185. PMID: 40005999. PMID 40005999 | research article |
| 2022 | BPC-157 | Vukojevic J, Milavic M, Perovic D, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res. 2022;17(3):482-487. PMID: 34380875. PMID 34380875 | research article |
| 2020 | LL-37 | Sancho-Vaello E, Gil-Carton D, François P, Bonetti EJ, Kreir M, Pothula KR, Kleinekathöfer U, Zeth K. The structure of the antimicrobial human cathelicidin LL-37 shows oligomerization and channel formation in the presence of membrane mimics. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):17356. (Crystal s… | mechanism / discovery |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Aoki W, Ueda M. Characterization of antimicrobial peptides toward the development of novel antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2013;6(8):1055-1081. (Therapeutic AMP development context.) | mechanism / discovery |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Steinhoff M, Schauber J, Leyden JJ. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6 Suppl 1):S15-S26. PMID: 24229632. (Rosacea LL-37 mechanism review.) PMID 24229632 | review |
| 2014 | LL-37 | Wang G, Mishra B, Epand RF, Epand RM. High-quality 3D structures shine light on antibacterial, anti-biofilm and antiviral activities of human cathelicidin LL-37 and its fragments. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1838(9):2160-2172. PMID: 24463069. (Structural biology review.) PMID 24463069 | research article |
| 2013 | LL-37 | Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ. Little peptide, big effects: the role of LL-37 in inflammation and autoimmune disease. J Immunol. 2013;191(10):4895-4901. PMID: 24185823. (Autoimmunity-driving role.) PMID 24185823 | research article |
| 2012 | LL-37 | Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease. Ann Dermatol. 2012;24(2):126-135. PMID: 22577261. PMID 22577261 | research article |
| 2009 | LL-37 | Lai Y, Gallo RL. AMPed up immunity: how antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defense. Trends Immunol. 2009;30(3):131-141. PMID: 19217824. PMID 19217824 | research article |
| 2008 | LL-37 | Schauber J, Gallo RL. The vitamin D pathway: a new target for control of the skin's immune response? Exp Dermatol. 2008;17(8):633-639. PMID: 18573153. (Vitamin D / cathelicidin in skin immunity review.) PMID 18573153 | research article |
| 2007 | LL-37 | Mookherjee N, Hancock RE. Cationic host defence peptides: innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007;64(7-8):922-933. PMID: 17310276. PMID 17310276 | research article |
| 2007 | LL-37 | Yamasaki K, Di Nardo A, Bardan A, Murakami M, Ohtake T, Coda A, Dorschner RA, Bonnart C, Descargues P, Hovnanian A, Morhenn VB, Gallo RL. Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. Nat Med. 2007;13(8):975-980. PMID: 17676051. (Rosa… PMID 17676051 | research article |
| 2006 | LL-37 | Mookherjee N, Brown KL, Bowdish DM, Doria S, Falsafi R, Hokamp K, Roche FM, Mu R, Doho GH, Pistolic J, Powers JP, Bryan J, Brinkman FS, Hancock RE. Modulation of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response by the endogenous human host defense peptide LL-37. J Immunol. 2006;176(4):245… PMID 16456005 | research article |
| 2005 | LL-37 | Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. FASEB J. 2005;19(9):1067-1077. PMID: 15985530. (The defining vitami… PMID 15985530 | research article |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have BPC-157 and LL-37 been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of BPC-157 and LL-37. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do BPC-157 and LL-37 share?
BPC-157 and LL-37 do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of BPC-157 and LL-37?
BPC-157: Category 2 (reclassification pending). LL-37: Not approved (research). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on BPC-157 and LL-37?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the BPC-157 profile and the LL-37 profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026