Skin & hair · Cream

Vialox

Gray market

Checked 18 Oct 2026 · 21 sources · 5 corrections on this page · No vendors · No affiliates · No one buys a word of it

0 human trials published

Limited Evidence · two 2026 computer-and-cell studies

Gray market · No FDA ruling — not on any list

Sold as a cosmetic ingredient in creams and serums.

Bottom line

Curare-like activity in the maker’s cell test, no independent clinical proof, and no published measurement of how much crosses skin.

Also called: Pentapeptide-3
Pentapeptide-3V
Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ala-NH₂ (GPRPA-NH₂)
Vialox PT
Centerchem / Pentapharm trade name
Category: Peptide — Cosmetic Neuromuscular Inhibitor
Class: Synthetic curare-mimetic pentapeptide
Sequence: Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ala-NH₂
Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₃₇N₉O₅
Molecular Weight: ~495.6 Da
Route (studied): Topical (people, vendor panels only)
Route (sold): Topical serums and creams (cosmetic); raw powder (research)
FDA Status: Cosmetic ingredient (not a drug)
WADA Status: Not banned
Published RCTs: None on finished cosmetic products
Manufacturer: Pentapharm (DSM)
Cost & Access: Cosmetic raw material

Also for skin & hair

The other four questions

What does it do? Its maker describes it as blocking the acetylcholine receptor on muscle, as curare does, and reports that it cut the contraction of cultured muscle cells by 71% within a minute and 58% after 2 hours (Pai et al., 2017). No independent study has tested it on muscle, and none has shown it reaches facial muscle through skin.
Who uses it? Makers of “Botox-alternative” cosmetic serums, which combine it with other neuromuscular peptides such as Argireline and Syn-Ake (Schagen, 2017).
Does the evidence hold up? Thin. PubMed lists no trial of Vialox in people, only two 2026 computer-and-cell studies. The “49% in 28 days” figure comes from the maker’s own fact sheet, which shows it for one volunteer measured by 3D skin imaging. Argireline has a placebo-controlled trial (Wang et al., 2013); Vialox does not.
Bottom line? Curare-like activity in the maker’s cell test, no independent clinical proof, and no published measurement of how much crosses skin.

Dosing from the Literature

Published for wrinkles: only its maker’s kit directions, twice a day for a month. Not published: a trial in people, or any percentage use level.

Vialox is a cosmetic raw material; there is no therapeutic dose. The only directions found are its maker’s, for its own two-vial kit.

Format	Active Concentration	Vehicle	Application
Maker’s two-vial kit	Not stated	Freeze-dried peptide plus a separate solvent, combined for use	Twice a day for one month; one kit lasts about a week (Pentapharm fact sheet)

Dosing Disclaimer

This is a cosmetic maker’s direction, not a therapeutic dose. Vialox is not a drug, and no published study gives a dose-response in finished products. Consult a licensed healthcare provider.

What It Is

Vialox is the trade name for a synthetic pentapeptide (a chain of 5 amino acids) with the amino-acid sequence Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ala (GPRPA), terminated as the C-terminal amide. INCI-listed as Pentapeptide-3 (occasionally written Pentapeptide-3V to disambiguate it from other pentapeptide-3 entries in older cosmetic registries), the compound was developed by the Swiss company Pentapharm, whose fact sheet sold it as a curare-like peptide for expression wrinkles (Pentapharm fact sheet). It carries PubChem CID 11605666 and a molecular weight of approximately 495.6 daltons (C₂₁H₃₇N₉O₅).

The conceptual lineage of Vialox runs through curare and the snake-venom pharmacology of the temple pit viper, Tropidolaemus wagleri. Curare (tubocurarine) is a plant-derived neuromuscular blocker historically used by indigenous South American hunters as an arrow poison and adopted in modern anesthesia for surgical paralysis; it acts by competitive antagonism at the postsynaptic nicotinic (a type of acetylcholine receptor on muscle and nerve cells) acetylcholine receptor of skeletal muscle. The temple viper produces a family of small proline-rich peptide toxins called waglerins, which similarly block the muscle nAChR — but as much smaller, structurally tractable peptides than the larger snake α-neurotoxins of cobras and kraits (Weinstein 1991; Aiken 1992; Schmidt 1992). Pentapharm's research program designed Vialox as a minimal pentapeptide intended to capture a curare-/waglerin-like binding motif in a sequence short enough to manufacture cheaply and formulate topically.

The marketing positioning that emerged from this development was the so-called "topical Botox" category — a class of cosmetic ingredients positioned as needle-free alternatives to onabotulinumtoxin A injections. Vialox sits alongside acetyl hexapeptide-8 (Argireline; Lipotec / Lubrizol), Syn-Ake (dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate; Pentapharm), Leuphasyl (pentapeptide-18; Lipotec), and Snap-8 (acetyl octapeptide-3; Lipotec) in this category. Each of these peptides was designed to interfere somewhere along the cholinergic (related to acetylcholine signaling) neuromuscular axis — Argireline / Snap-8 at the SNARE (the machinery that releases neurotransmitters) complex pre-synaptically, Syn-Ake and Vialox at the postsynaptic muscle nAChR, Leuphasyl through enkephalin pathways. They are routinely combined in multi-peptide cosmetic formulations (Schagen 2017; Pai 2017).

It is critical to be clear about what Vialox is not. It is not an FDA-approved drug. It is not a prescription medicine in any jurisdiction. There are no published peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials in journals indexed by PubMed of any finished Vialox cosmetic product. The "49% wrinkle reduction in 28 days" headline that propagates through retail product copy traces back to Pentapharm’s own fact sheet, which shows it for one volunteer measured by 3D skin imaging (PRIMOS), and has never appeared in an indexed, peer-reviewed publication (Pentapharm fact sheet). Several published cosmetic-peptide reviews mention Vialox by reference to the manufacturer brochure and Lupo & Cole's 2007 cosmeceutical-peptide review (Lupo 2007), but no independent confirmatory trial exists as of April 2026.

Mechanism of Action

Vialox is described by its maker and in cosmetic reviews as a competitive blocker of the muscle’s acetylcholine receptor, the target of curare; no independent study has measured that binding (Pai et al., 2017).

The maker’s cell test (claim) — In the maker’s data, restated by a review, the peptide cut the contraction of cultured muscle cells by 71% within 1 minute and 58% after 2 hours (Pai et al., 2017). No independent replication has been published.
Curare analogy (claim) — Described as keeping the receptor’s sodium channel closed, as tubocurarine does, so the muscle cell does not depolarize (Pai et al., 2017).
Waglerins as the venom model — Waglerins, lethal peptides from Wagler’s pit viper venom, block transmission at the nerve-muscle junction, mainly after the synapse, with some effect on transmitter release at higher concentrations (Weinstein et al., 1991; Aiken et al., 1992; Schmidt et al., 1992).
Not botulinum toxin — Argireline, the best-known “topical Botox” peptide, is patterned on the SNAP-25 protein and interferes with the SNARE complex that releases acetylcholine (Wang et al., 2013); Vialox is described as acting on the receptor after the synapse instead (Pai et al., 2017).
Getting through skin — No published study has measured how much Vialox crosses skin. For acetyl hexapeptide-8 (Argireline), delivery into porcine skin depended on the emulsion it was in (Hoppel et al., 2015).

What the Research Shows

PubMed lists no trial of Vialox in people; its two indexed papers, both from 2026, are computer-docking and cell studies. The figures in product copy come from the maker’s fact sheet: a cell test (contraction cut by 71% within a minute and 58% after 2 hours) and a 28-day test reporting up to 49% smaller wrinkles and 47% less roughness, illustrated with one volunteer’s 3D images (Pentapharm fact sheet; Pai et al., 2017).

Manufacturer in-vitro data — The maker reports that the peptide cut the contraction of cultured innervated muscle cells by 71% within 1 minute and 58% after 2 hours (Pai et al., 2017). No independent replication has been published.
Manufacturer in-vivo wrinkle claim — The fact sheet reports up to 49% smaller wrinkles and 47% less skin roughness after 28 days, illustrated with one volunteer’s 3D images (PRIMOS); it gives no panel size, concentration or control (Pentapharm fact sheet). These are vendor data, not peer-reviewed results.
Cosmetic-peptide review coverage — Mary Lupo and Anna Cole's widely cited 2007 review of cosmeceutical peptides (Lupo 2007, Dermatol Ther 20(5):343-349) catalogues Pentapeptide-3 / Vialox as a representative neurotransmitter-affecting cosmetic peptide alongside Argireline. The review is a summary of manufacturer claims, not an independent trial. Schagen's 2017 Cosmetics review and Pai et al.'s 2017 Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol review do the same — they list Vialox in the neurotransmitter-inhibitor category, describe the curare-mimetic mechanism, and note the absence of robust RCT data.
Argireline as the comparator with actual published evidence — Vialox's mechanistic neighbor, Argireline / acetyl hexapeptide-8, has actually accumulated peer-reviewed clinical evaluation: Blanes-Mira's seminal 2002 mechanism paper (PMID 18498523), Wang's 2013 randomized placebo-controlled clinical study in Chinese subjects (PMID 23417317; Am J Clin Dermatol), and a 2025 systematic review of skin permeability and efficacy (PMID 40565185). The Argireline literature is thin by pharmacological standards but vastly more developed than Vialox's. A reasonable inference is that Vialox would show similar small effect sizes if subjected to comparable trials — but this inference is not the same as evidence.
Combination-formula evidence — The 2024 MDPI Cosmetics review on non-invasive Botox-alternative peptides (Cosmetics 11(4):118) includes Vialox in summary tables of cosmetic-peptide ingredients and notes its DSM-derived neuromuscular-mimetic positioning, but again does not cite an independent RCT. Multi-peptide finished products containing Vialox plus Argireline plus Syn-Ake plus other actives have received instrument-based open-label clinical evaluations — but these formulations cannot be used to attribute effect to Vialox specifically.
Transdermal flux is the limiting step — The Hoppel et al. 2015 work on acetyl hexapeptide-8 emulsion delivery (PMID 25497319) is the most rigorous published study of how a cosmetic-grade neuromuscular peptide actually crosses the stratum corneum. Multiple W/O/W emulsion engineering substantially increased AH-8 permeation versus simple O/W vehicles. By extension, the cumulative percutaneous permeation of Vialox in a typical aqueous serum vehicle is likely modest at best, and almost certainly the binding constant of Vialox at the muscle nAChR plus the achievable cutaneous concentration determine whether any biological effect occurs at all.
Snake-venom waglerin pharmacology — The published literature on the waglerins from Tropidolaemus wagleri venom (Weinstein 1991, Toxicon; Aiken 1992, PMID 1359525; Schmidt 1992, PMID 1440639; Tsai 1995, PMID 7638875) is the high-quality scientific bedrock under the cosmetic-peptide marketing layer. These papers establish that small proline-rich peptide toxins can produce potent, ε-subunit-selective nAChR blockade. They do not, however, establish that a 5-residue synthetic peptide with no disulfide architecture (Vialox) recapitulates that pharmacology with anywhere near the same affinity. Designing-down from a 22-residue toxin to a 5-residue mimetic is plausible in principle and difficult in practice; potency typically drops by orders of magnitude.

Critical Context — Evidence Quality

There are no peer-reviewed, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of finished Vialox cosmetic products indexed in PubMed as of April 2026. The wrinkle-reduction percentages widely cited in retail product copy ("49% in 28 days," etc.) trace to the maker’s fact sheet (one volunteer’s 3D images), not to independent peer-reviewed publication. The receptor-level mechanism claim (curare-mimetic nAChR antagonism) is biologically plausible and consistent with the pharmacology of related snake-venom-derived peptides, but the in-vivo cosmetic claim depends on a chain of unverified assumptions about transdermal delivery, local concentration at the cutaneous neuromuscular junction, and clinically meaningful muscle relaxation from a competitive reversible antagonist. Percentages in product marketing are vendor data, not peer-reviewed findings.

Human Data

This is the section where, for most compounds in this database, the published clinical-trial program is enumerated. For Vialox there is essentially nothing to enumerate. The honest summary:

Zero peer-reviewed RCTs of finished Vialox products — A PubMed search across "Vialox," "Pentapeptide-3," and "Pentapeptide-3V" returns no randomized controlled trials of cosmetic formulations containing Vialox as the test article. There are no Phase I, II, or III studies because Vialox is regulated as a cosmetic ingredient, not a drug — so no trials have been required for marketing.
Manufacturer data — The maker’s fact sheet reports up to 49% smaller wrinkles and 47% less roughness after 28 days, shown for one volunteer by 3D imaging, with no panel size, concentration or control given (Pentapharm fact sheet).
Comparison to Argireline's published clinical base — The most directly comparable peptide, acetyl hexapeptide-8 / Argireline, has at least: Blanes-Mira 2002 — original mechanism paper, in vitro plus small in vivo cosmetic evaluation, Int J Cosmet Sci 24(5):303-310, PMID 18498523; Wang 2013 — randomized placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of Argireline in 60 Chinese subjects, Am J Clin Dermatol 14(2):147-153, PMID 23417317; and a 2025 systematic review of skin permeability and efficacy, PMID 40565185. Vialox has none of these. Argireline-class evidence is itself modest, heterogeneous, and not always positive — but it exists. Vialox's evidence base is, by comparison, an absence.
Reasonable inference vs evidence — Mechanism-level plausibility plus a ~5%-typical topical concentration in a hydrophilic vehicle, applied chronically to small expression-related facial muscles, plausibly produces a small reduction in dynamic-wrinkle visibility. This inference is consistent with the broader cosmetic-peptide literature (Lupo 2007; Schagen 2017; Pai 2017). It is, however, an inference. The absence of a published independent RCT is not proof of failure; it leaves the evidence state at uncertainty.

Reconstitution & Storage

Its maker sold Vialox as a two-vial kit: a freeze-dried powder of the peptide with mannitol, pullulan and locust bean gum, and a separate solvent of water, glycerin and carrageenan, both preserved with parabens and phenoxyethanol, combined for use (Pentapharm fact sheet). No published source gives storage conditions or a shelf life for the peptide.

→ Calculator — vial-to-syringe math

Side Effects & Risks

Important

Vialox is a cosmetic ingredient for the skin. No published study has tested it alongside botulinum toxin injections. Consult a licensed healthcare provider.

No study of Vialox’s safety in people has been published; its maker called it appropriate for cosmetic use (Pentapharm fact sheet). In cells, a 2026 study found no toxicity to skin keratinocytes at up to 1 mg/mL; that paper is not yet on this page’s list.

Eyes — The maker’s fact sheet warns against eye contact (Pentapharm fact sheet).
Other ingredients — The maker’s kit also contains parabens and phenoxyethanol (Pentapharm fact sheet), and finished products contain other ingredients, so a skin reaction to a product cannot be pinned on the peptide alone.
Pregnancy and lactation — No published data.

Bloodwork & Monitoring

No trial, label or guideline sets monitoring for Vialox, and no study of it in people has been published.

Commonly Stacked With

Cosmetic formulas often combine it with other neuromuscular peptides (Schagen, 2017). No study has tested Vialox with any of them.

Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8)

Patterned on SNAP-25 and said to interfere with the SNARE complex (Wang et al., 2013); formulas pair it with post-synaptic peptides such as Vialox. No study has tested the pair.

Tested together in people: none published · Read the receipt →

Syn-Ake (Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate)

A second post-synaptic peptide from the same maker, modeled on a viper-venom peptide; formulas combine the two. No study has tested the pair.

Tested together in people: none published · Read the receipt →

Stacking this? Read the receipt →

→ Calculator — vial-to-syringe math

Legal Status

Current Status — April 2026

Vialox / Pentapeptide-3 is a cosmetic ingredient regulated under cosmetic-ingredient law in essentially all major markets — not a drug, not a prescription medicine, not a controlled substance. It is INCI-listed as Pentapeptide-3 and is freely usable in finished cosmetic products in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Korea, Australia, and most other jurisdictions, subject to general cosmetic-product safety requirements (good manufacturing practice, labeling, consumer-safety substantiation under the relevant cosmetic regulation — 21 CFR Part 700 in the U.S.; EU Cosmetic Regulation 1223/2009 in the EU).

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulates Vialox-containing products under the cosmetics framework. Cosmetics do not require pre-market FDA approval; the manufacturer is responsible for safety substantiation. Vialox is not approved as a drug in any jurisdiction; no cosmetic claim that Vialox "treats" wrinkles, paralyzes muscles, or is "as effective as Botox" is permitted under cosmetic-claims law in the U.S. or EU. Marketing language must remain in the cosmetic register ("appearance of," "softens look of," "reduces visible signs of").

FDA’s April 2026 removal of 12 peptides from Category 2 of its Bulk Drug Substances list (relevant to peptides being compounded for human therapeutic use under the 503A pathway) does not apply to Vialox (FDA 503A categories list, April 22, 2026). Vialox is not a compounded human drug. It sits in the cosmetic-ingredient framework, which is a separate regulatory regime from the bulk-drug-substance compounding rules that apply to peptides such as BPC-157, GHK-Cu, or the GLP-1 receptor agonists. Reclassification of compounded therapeutic peptides has no direct bearing on cosmetic ingredient status.

Vialox is not on the WADA Prohibited List. As a topical cosmetic ingredient with no systemic absorption sufficient to produce neuromuscular or performance effects, it is outside the scope of anti-doping regulation. Vialox does not present a realistic anti-doping liability.

EU REACH and Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 categorize Pentapeptide-3 as a permitted cosmetic ingredient with no restricted-use annex listing as of April 2026. CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) and EU SCCS have not flagged Vialox-class peptides for safety-substantiation review beyond standard cosmetic-ingredient practice.

Cost & Access

Vialox is freely available as a finished cosmetic ingredient in retail anti-aging serums, creams, and eye products from a wide range of manufacturers — both mass-market brands and indie cosmetic-chemistry-driven brands. It is not a research-restricted or clinically restricted compound.

Pricing and access information as of April 2026. Vialox is sold as a cosmetic ingredient and as a research-grade raw material. Kalios does not sell compounds. This page is for educational purposes only.

Next Steps

→ Compare with Argireline →

→ Calculator — vial-to-syringe math →

→ See every Skin & hair compound →

References

Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, Gil A, Fernández-Ballester G, Ponsati B, Gutierrez L, Pérez-Payá E, Ferrer-Montiel A. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(5):303-310. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x. PMID: 18498523. (Foundational mechanism paper for the SNAP-25-inhibiting cosmetic peptide Argireline; the closest analog with actual peer-reviewed mechanism evidence.)
Lupo MP, Cole AL. Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatol Ther. 2007;20(5):343-349. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2007.00148.x. PMID: 18045359. (Widely cited dermatology review that catalogues Pentapeptide-3 / Vialox alongside Argireline as neurotransmitter-affecting cosmetic peptides.)
Pai VV, Bhandari P, Shukla P. Topical peptides as cosmeceuticals. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2017;83(1):9-18. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.186500. PMID: 27451932. (2017 review of cosmetic peptides including discussion of neurotransmitter inhibitors and curare-mimetic peptides.)
Schagen SK. Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results. Cosmetics. 2017;4(2):16. doi:10.3390/cosmetics4020016. (MDPI Cosmetics review of the cosmetic-peptide landscape including Pentapeptide-3 / Vialox; not PubMed-indexed but widely cited.)
Errante F, Ledwoń P, Latajka R, Rovero P, Papini AM. Cosmeceutical Peptides in the Framework of Sustainable Wellness Economy. Front Chem. 2020;8:572923. doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.572923. (Front Chem 2020 review covering the cosmetic-peptide categories — neurotransmitter inhibitors, signal peptides, carrier peptides — with reference to Vialox.)
Hoppel M, Reznicek G, Kählig H, Kotisch H, Resch GP, Valenta C. Topical delivery of acetyl hexapeptide-8 from different emulsions: influence of emulsion composition and internal structure. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2015;68:27-35. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2014.12.006. PMID: 25497319. (The most rigorous published transdermal-delivery study of a cosmetic neuromuscular peptide; methodologically applicable to Vialox formulation.)
Wang Y, Wang M, Xiao S, Pan P, Li P, Huo J. The anti-wrinkle efficacy of argireline, a synthetic hexapeptide, in Chinese subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14(2):147-153. doi:10.1007/s40257-013-0009-9. PMID: 23417317. (Randomized placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of a cosmetic neuromuscular peptide — the kind of trial that Vialox does not have.)
Reszko AE, Berson D, Lupo MP. Cosmeceuticals: practical applications. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2010;37(4):547-569,viii. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2010.09.006. PMID: 21093749. (Practical clinical-dermatology overview of cosmeceutical peptide categories with reference to Vialox-class neuromuscular peptides.)
Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. doi:10.1155/2015/648108. PMID: 26236730. (Reference for the major cosmetic carrier peptide commonly stacked with Vialox; demonstrates the higher publication standard available for better-studied cosmetic peptides.)
Zdrada-Nowak J, Surgiel-Gemza A, Szatkowska M. Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 in Cosmeceuticals — A Review of Skin Permeability and Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci. 2025. PMID: 40565185. (2025 systematic review of permeability and efficacy for the closest mechanistic neighbor to Vialox.)
Weinstein SA, Schmidt JJ, Bernheimer AW, Smith LA. Characterization and amino acid sequences of two lethal peptides isolated from venom of Wagler's pit viper, Trimeresurus wagleri. Toxicon. 1991;29(2):227-236. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90107-3. (Original characterization of the waglerin neurotoxic peptides — the snake-venom inspiration for the Vialox / Syn-Ake design programs.)
Aiken SP, Sellin LC, Schmidt JJ, Weinstein SA, McArdle JJ. A novel peptide toxin from Trimeresurus wagleri acts pre- and post-synaptically to block transmission at the rat neuromuscular junction. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1992;70(5 Pt 1):339-343. PMID: 1359525. (Mechanism characterization of waglerin-class peptides at the neuromuscular junction.)
Schmidt JJ, Weinstein SA, Smith LA. Molecular properties and structure-function relationships of lethal peptides from venom of Wagler's pit viper, Trimeresurus wagleri. Toxicon. 1992;30(9):1027-1036. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90047-9. PMID: 1440639. (Structure-function characterization of waglerins; the literature underpinning Vialox's design rationale.)
Tsai MC, Hsieh WH, Smith LA, Lee CY. Effects of waglerin-I on neuromuscular transmission of mouse nerve-muscle preparations. Toxicon. 1995;33(3):363-371. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)00158-5. PMID: 7638875. (Functional characterization of waglerin-I at the muscle-type nAChR — direct pharmacological precedent for the Vialox design.)
Tan CH, Tan KY, Yap MK, Tan NH. Venomics of Tropidolaemus wagleri, the sexually dimorphic temple pit viper: Unveiling a deeply conserved atypical toxin arsenal. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43237. doi:10.1038/srep43237. (Modern venomics characterization of the temple pit viper venom containing the waglerin neurotoxic peptides relevant to Vialox / Syn-Ake design.)
Nguyen TTM, Yi EJ, Jin X, et al. Sustainable Dynamic Wrinkle Efficacy: Non-Invasive Peptides as the Future of Botox Alternatives. Cosmetics. 2024;11(4):118. doi:10.3390/cosmetics11040118. (2024 review summarizing the topical neuromuscular-peptide landscape including Vialox / Pentapeptide-3 in the DSM-derived ingredient summary tables.)
Centerchem Inc. Vialox® Pentapeptide-3 — Technical Data Sheet. Norwalk, CT: Centerchem; 2017 (and subsequent technical bulletins). (Primary manufacturer technical literature describing in-vitro and in-vivo claims; cited here as the documented source of widely repeated wrinkle-reduction percentages — vendor data, not peer-reviewed RCT data.)
DSM Personal Care / Pentapharm. Pentapeptide-3 (Vialox PT) — Product Brochure. Basel, Switzerland: DSM; 2018 (and subsequent revisions). (Manufacturer brochure documenting Pentapharm in-house clinical evaluation methodology; the underlying source of the "49% wrinkle reduction" headline.)
National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 11605666 — Vialox Peptide (Pentapeptide-3). Bethesda, MD: NCBI; accessed April 2026. (Reference for molecular identity: C₂₁H₃₇N₉O₅; MW ~495.6 Da; sequence Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ala-NH₂.)
FDA. Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (503A categories list), versions updated April 15, April 22 and May 14, 2026. fda.gov/media/94155/download. Read October 3, 2026. (Notice that 12 peptides would leave Category 2 because their nominations were withdrawn; their removal; GHK-Cu, except injectable, back in Category 1.)
Pentapharm Ltd. VIALOX® fact sheet (documents 5607 and 5710; PDFs dated 2004 and October 2005). Distributor copies, archived; read October 4, 2026. (Dual-vial kit and its ingredients; twice-daily use for one month; in-vitro muscle-cell and 28-day in-vivo claims; “Avoid eye contact.”)