Ecnoglutide

Dosing from the Literature

Published for fat loss: 1.2, 1.8 or 2.4 mg once a week under the skin, the doses in its one published obesity trial (SLIMMER). Not published: a paper on its Australian Phase 2 against liraglutide or on any trial of the oral tablet.

The table records doses given in trials, as the papers, registry records and company statements give them. They are trial doses, not recommendations. The Chinese prescribing information was not available to us, so no label dose is shown. The obesity trial used 1.2, 1.8 or 2.4 mg once a week under the skin. The diabetes trials used 0.4 to 1.2 mg; in two of them, doses were stepped up from a low start that doubled every four weeks (Zhu et al., 2024; Zhu et al., 2026). The SLIMMER abstract does not give its step-up schedule.

What It Is

Ecnoglutide (code XW003) is a GLP-1 analogue discovered and developed by Sciwind Biosciences of Hangzhou, China (Sciwind Biosciences, March 6, 2026). It is a modified GLP-1(7–37) peptide with valine in place of alanine at position 8 and an 18-carbon fatty acid on the side chain of lysine 30 (Zhu et al., 2024), attached through a γGlu-2xAEEA linker (Guo et al., 2023). Cayman Chemical, which sells it for laboratory research, gives the sequence as HVEGTFTSDVSSYLEEQAAREFIK-(AEEA-AEEA-{γ-Glu}-C18 diacid)-WLVRGRG, the formula as C194H304N48O61 and the formula weight as 4,284.8 (Cayman Chemical product insert). Because it contains only natural amino acids, the whole peptide can be made recombinantly; its developers write that this takes fewer manufacturing steps than semaglutide, whose first two amino acids, His7 and Aib8, are added by chemical conjugation (Guo et al., 2023).

China approved it twice in 2026. Sciwind announced on January 30, 2026 that China’s National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) had approved ecnoglutide injection for glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes, and on March 6, 2026 that it had approved it for chronic weight management in adults with overweight or obesity (Sciwind Biosciences, January 30 and March 6, 2026). A drug profile in Drugs dates the approvals to January and March 2026 and gives the weight indication as use with diet control and increased physical activity in adults with obesity, or with overweight and at least one weight-related condition (Shirley, 2026). Under a deal announced in February 2026, Pfizer has exclusive rights to sell the injection in mainland China; Sciwind remains the marketing authorization holder and makes and supplies it (Sciwind Biosciences, February 24 and June 8, 2026). The FDA has not approved it, and FDA’s drug databases hold no record of it (searched September 29, 2026).

An oral tablet is in development. Sciwind licensed the oral form (XW004) to Verdiva Bio for territories outside Greater China and South Korea in January 2025, describing it then as “phase 2-ready” (Sciwind Biosciences, January 10, 2025). Verdiva’s Phase 2b of weekly oral ecnoglutide, registered as VRB-101, enrolled 206 people at 22 US sites and completed in July 2026, with no results posted (NCT07281937); Sciwind is running its own tablet trial in China (NCT07243171). The injection is also in trials in adolescents with obesity and in adults with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea or knee osteoarthritis (Shirley, 2026).

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism findings below come from its developer’s cell and animal work, except where another paper is named.

• GLP-1 receptor agonist — Ecnoglutide binds and activates the human GLP-1 receptor, the target of semaglutide and liraglutide. In the developer’s cell assays it triggered cAMP with an EC50 of 0.018 nM (semaglutide 0.012 nM) and bound the receptor with a KD of 1.45 nM, against 17.0 nM for semaglutide (Guo et al., 2023).
• cAMP over β-arrestin (the “bias”) — In the same assays, ecnoglutide’s maximum β-arrestin recruitment was 60%, against semaglutide’s 100%, and it caused far less receptor internalization: EC50 above 10 µM, against 0.093 µM for semaglutide. The authors call this a signalling bias toward cAMP (Guo et al., 2023).
• Valine at position 8 (where the bias comes from) — The developers chose the Ala8Val swap because it had been reported to favour cAMP over receptor internalization (Guo et al., 2023). In that earlier study, a GLP-1 with only that swap (GLP-1 Val8, a different molecule without the fatty acid) internalized the receptor poorly, stayed bound for a shorter time, and in a perfused rat pancreas released less insulin and somatostatin than native GLP-1 (van der Velden et al., 2021).
• Fatty acid on lysine 30 (weekly dosing) — The acylation was chosen to lengthen the half-life by promoting albumin binding and resistance to the enzyme DPP-4; semaglutide and liraglutide carry theirs at position 26 (Guo et al., 2023). In healthy volunteers the half-life at steady state was 124–138 hours (Guo et al., 2023), and 135.6 hours in a later interaction study (Chen Z et al., 2026).
• Slower stomach emptying (what the interaction studies saw) — With ecnoglutide at steady state, oral metformin and warfarin peaked later and lower (metformin’s peak 19% lower, S-warfarin’s 30% lower) while total exposure was unchanged; the authors read this as a mild delay in gastric emptying (Chen Z et al., 2026).
• Does the bias matter in people? Not shown — The developers write that cAMP bias “is hypothesized to enhance the efficacy” of GLP-1 drugs (Guo et al., 2023), and that their Phase 2 “did not directly assess the mechanism of action or compare agents head-to-head in the same population” (Zhu et al., 2024). They describe dulaglutide as a full agonist of both pathways (Zhu et al., 2024); in the published head-to-head, ecnoglutide 1.2 mg lowered HbA1c 0.24 percentage points more than dulaglutide 1.5 mg, a difference the trial’s authors did not consider clinically relevant (He et al., 2025). In animals, a different biased agonist, exendin-4-Phe1, kept its glucose benefits, but its authors concluded that it “putatively blunts” the ability of the brain’s GLP-1 receptor cells to drive reduced eating and weight loss, along with nausea and vomiting in rats and shrews (Baumer-Harrison et al., 2026).

What the Research Shows

Four randomized efficacy trials of ecnoglutide are published, all run in China and funded by Sciwind; one of them is for weight loss.

• Weight loss without diabetes: SLIMMER, Phase 3 — 664 adults aged 18–75 at 36 centres in China, with a BMI of 28 or more, or 24 or more with a weight-related condition, and no diabetes, were randomized to 1.2, 1.8 or 2.4 mg a week or placebo. At week 40, weight had changed by −9.1%, −10.9% and −13.2% on the three doses against +0.1% on placebo, and 77%, 84% and 87% had lost at least 5% of their weight, against 16% on placebo (Ji et al., 2025).
• Week 48 (company figures) — Sciwind reports that at week 48 the 2.4 mg group had lost 15.4% (15.1% more than placebo); that 92.8%, 79.6% and 63.5% of that group had lost at least 5%, 10% and 15%; and that in the 2.4 mg group, among people who started with liver fat of at least 8%, liver fat fell 53.1% by week 40 (Sciwind Biosciences, March 6, 2026). These figures come from press releases; the published abstract reports week 40.
• Against semaglutide: SLIMMER-UP-SWITCH, interim — 163 adults in China with a BMI of 30 or more were randomized, open-label, to ecnoglutide or semaglutide, both at a maintenance dose of 2.4 mg a week. At a pre-specified week-20 interim analysis, weight had fallen 12.8% against 9.5% (P<0.0001), and 74% against 40% had lost at least 10% (Sciwind Biosciences, June 8, 2026). The result was presented as a poster at the American Diabetes Association’s 2026 meeting and has not been published as a paper; the registered primary endpoint is at week 48 (NCT07073417).
• Type 2 diabetes: three trials — In a 20-week Phase 2 of 145 adults, HbA1c fell 1.81 to 2.39 percentage points on 0.4 to 1.2 mg, against 0.55 on placebo (Zhu et al., 2024). In EECOH-1 (211 adults on diet and exercise or one oral drug), it fell 1.96 and 2.43 points on 0.6 and 1.2 mg, against 0.87 on placebo, at week 24 (Zhu et al., 2026). In EECOH-2 (623 adults on metformin, open-label), it fell 1.91 and 1.89 points, against 1.65 on dulaglutide 1.5 mg, at week 32: non-inferior, and for 1.2 mg statistically better, though the authors did not consider the difference clinically relevant (He et al., 2025).
• Weight in the diabetes trials — Smaller: 1.57 to 2.26 kg at 20 weeks in the Phase 2 (Zhu et al., 2024), and 3.04 and 3.21 kg at 24 weeks in EECOH-1, where 39.1–43.7% lost at least 5% against 11.3% on placebo (Zhu et al., 2026).
• Animals — In the developer’s db/db mice, ecnoglutide lowered glucose and body weight more than the same dose of semaglutide. In diet-induced obese rats switched between the two drugs after 21 days, those moved from ecnoglutide to semaglutide began to regain weight, while those moved the other way held their loss (Guo et al., 2023).
• Independent summaries — Two 2026 network meta-analyses put it among the larger weight effects. One estimated −13.91% against placebo for 2.4 mg, rated “high” confidence (Chen D et al., 2026). The other found that the emerging agents ecnoglutide, mazdutide and retatrutide “may produce similar or greater reductions (13.1-14.6%; very low to low certainty)” at one year, against lifestyle change alone (Nong et al., 2026). A meta-analysis of four randomized trials with 1,643 participants found lower HbA1c and body weight on ecnoglutide, and more adverse events, mostly gastrointestinal and mild to moderate (Kumar et al., 2026).

Human Data

Ecnoglutide has been given to people in trials registered in China, Australia and the US. Published so far:

• Phase 1, Australia (NCT04389775) — 64 healthy adults at one site: single doses of 0.03–1.0 mg, or 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 mg weekly for 6 weeks. The most common side effects in the repeated-dose groups were decreased appetite, headache, nausea, hypoglycaemia, constipation and injection-site pain; one participant given 1.0 mg had severe loss of appetite, and the investigators did not go to that dose or higher again (Guo et al., 2023).
• Phase 2, type 2 diabetes, China (CTR20211014) — 145 adults at 21 hospitals, 20 weeks (Zhu et al., 2024).
• SLIMMER, Phase 3, obesity, China (NCT05813795) — 664 adults, April 2023 to June 2024 (Ji et al., 2025).
• EECOH-1, Phase 3, type 2 diabetes, China (NCT05680155) — 211 adults, 24 weeks blinded against placebo, then 28 weeks open-label (Zhu et al., 2026).
• EECOH-2, Phase 3, type 2 diabetes, China (NCT05680129) — 623 adults on metformin, 52 weeks, against dulaglutide (He et al., 2025).
• Drug interactions, China (NCT06335134) — Two reports of 28 healthy adults each, dosed at up to 1.2 mg a week (Chen Z et al., 2026; Li et al., 2026).

Registered, with no published results:

• Phase 2, obesity, Australia (NCT05111912) — 206 adults, ecnoglutide stepped up to 1.2, 1.8 or 2.4 mg a week against daily liraglutide 3.0 mg (Saxenda); completed December 2022. No results are posted, and we found no paper.
• SLIMMER-UP-SWITCH, Phase 2, China (NCT07073417) — 163 adults against semaglutide; only the interim poster so far. Active; primary completion estimated February 2027.
• Adolescents with obesity, Phase 1b, China (NCT07143227) — 48 participants aged 12–18; completed April 2026; no results posted.
• The oral tablet — A Phase 1 in Australia (NCT05184322; 87 participants; completed 2025) and Verdiva’s EVOLVE-2 Phase 2b in the US (NCT07281937; 206 participants; completed July 2026), neither with results posted or a paper we found. A weight-maintenance Phase 2 in the US (NCT07553299) and a Phase 1b/2a in China (NCT07243171) are under way.
• Phase 3 under way in China — Adults with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, with and without PAP therapy (NCT07434050; NCT07387094); adults with obesity and knee osteoarthritis (NCT07734311); and adolescents (SLIMMER-YOUNG, NCT07836270, not yet recruiting).

The evidence meter on the ecnoglutide card reads “Human trials”, not “Approved drug”: the meter’s top level is for FDA approval, and China’s does not count.

Reconstitution & Storage

No document shows ecnoglutide sold as a powder for human use. In its trials it came ready to inject: the Phase 2 diabetes trial supplied single-use vials holding 1 mL at 2 mg/mL, given with injector pens set to a fixed volume (Zhu et al., 2024), and EECOH-1’s pens gave its 0.3 mg starting dose as 0.15 mL, the same concentration (Zhu et al., 2026). The Chinese prescribing information, which would describe the marketed injection and its storage, was not available to us. The table is arithmetic only: the U-100 insulin-syringe units (100 units = 1 mL) that trial doses would take at 2 mg/mL. It is not a recommendation.

• Route in the documents — Under the skin once a week; in the interaction study, into the abdomen (Chen Z et al., 2026). The SLIMMER abstract does not give the concentration used in the obesity trial.
• Storage — No document read for this page gives storage for the trial or marketed injection. Cayman Chemical’s research-grade ecnoglutide is supplied as a solid, stored at −20 °C with a stated stability of at least 4 years, and labeled “FOR RESEARCH ONLY - NOT FOR HUMAN OR VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE”; its insert describes a stock solution in a laboratory solvent such as DMSO (Cayman Chemical product insert).
• Oral tablet — Nothing to mix. No storage information for the tablet is published.

→ Peptide Calculator — vial-to-syringe math

Side Effects & Risks

The trial authors describe a safety profile consistent with other GLP-1 drugs: mostly stomach and gut, mostly mild to moderate, most often while the dose was being stepped up (Zhu et al., 2024; Zhu et al., 2026).

• Stomach and gut — In SLIMMER, adverse events were recorded in 93% of each ecnoglutide group and 84% on placebo; the most common were mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal events, and ten people on ecnoglutide stopped treatment because of adverse events (Ji et al., 2025). Sciwind puts discontinuation for adverse events at 2%, and for gastrointestinal events at 0.6% (Sciwind Biosciences, June 8, 2026). In EECOH-1, diarrhoea affected 24.6% on 0.6 mg and 11.3% on 1.2 mg, and nausea 7.2% and 12.7%, against 5.6% and 9.9% on placebo; adverse events were most frequent during dose escalation (Zhu et al., 2026).
• Appetite — Decreased appetite in 21.7% and 26.8% on 0.6 and 1.2 mg, against 4.2% on placebo (Zhu et al., 2026). In Phase 1, a single 1.0 mg dose caused severe (Grade 3) loss of appetite in one person (Guo et al., 2023).
• Pancreatic enzymes — Lipase rose in 11.6% and 12.7% on 0.6 and 1.2 mg, against 2.8% on placebo, without symptoms, signs or pancreatitis (Zhu et al., 2026). No pancreatitis was reported in EECOH-1 or the Phase 2 (Zhu et al., 2026; Zhu et al., 2024).
• Heart rate — Pulse rose by 3.0 and 5.4 beats a minute on 0.6 and 1.2 mg, against a fall of 1.6 on placebo, and sinus tachycardia was recorded in 5.6% on 1.2 mg against 1.4% on placebo (Zhu et al., 2026).
• Low blood sugar — Mild hypoglycaemia in 5.5% on ecnoglutide against 2.8% on placebo in the Phase 2, mostly after skipped meals or more exercise; no severe hypoglycaemia in either trial (Zhu et al., 2024; Zhu et al., 2026).
• Serious events — In EECOH-1, serious adverse events affected 2.9% and 4.2% on ecnoglutide and 5.6% on placebo, with no deaths and no gallbladder disorders (Zhu et al., 2026). In an interaction study, one healthy volunteer had a Grade 3 fainting episode (syncope); the study reported no serious adverse events (Chen Z et al., 2026).
• Who was left out — The Phase 2 excluded people with a history of pancreatitis, or a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN2 (Zhu et al., 2024), so it says nothing about them.
• Drug interactions — At steady state, the interaction studies’ authors found no clinically relevant change in total exposure to metformin, warfarin, rosuvastatin or digoxin, and warfarin’s effect on clotting (INR) was unaffected (Chen Z et al., 2026; Li et al., 2026). The authors call INR monitoring during the first 2–4 weeks “advisable” with warfarin, and advise close clinical and plasma monitoring with digoxin, especially in kidney impairment. Oral contraceptives were not studied (Chen Z et al., 2026; Li et al., 2026).
• Long term, and outside China — No trial on ClinicalTrials.gov lists heart or kidney events among its outcomes. The EECOH-1 authors write that its long-term effects on the heart and kidneys need longer studies to assess, and that because the trial was in China only, the findings “may not be fully translatable to other ethnic/racial populations” (Zhu et al., 2026).
• Identity and purity — Outside China, the documents show no product approved for sale. Cayman specifies a purity of at least 98%, with a certificate of analysis for each batch, for a product labeled not for people (Cayman Chemical product insert). A 2026 laboratory method can identify ecnoglutide among nine GLP-1 drugs by mass spectrometry, but its authors applied it only to marketed liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide (Tong et al., 2026).
• WADA — Not named on the 2026 Prohibited List; see Legal Status.

Bloodwork & Monitoring

The Chinese prescribing information was not available to us, so no official monitoring guidance is shown. What the trials measured, and what the interaction studies’ authors wrote:

• HbA1c and glucose — The diabetes trials’ main measures; the Phase 2 recorded mild hypoglycaemia, mostly after skipped meals or extra exercise (Zhu et al., 2024).
• Lipase and amylase — Raised more often on ecnoglutide than on placebo in EECOH-1, without symptoms or pancreatitis (Zhu et al., 2026).
• Pulse, blood pressure and ECG — Pulse rose 3.0–5.4 beats a minute and systolic pressure fell (Zhu et al., 2026); the Phase 2 saw no clinically relevant ECG changes (Zhu et al., 2024).
• Calcitonin and antibodies — The Phase 2 measured serum calcitonin and anti-drug antibodies: no treatment-related calcitonin changes, and no participant developed antibodies to ecnoglutide (Zhu et al., 2024).
• INR with warfarin; digoxin levels — The interaction-study authors call INR monitoring during the first 2–4 weeks “advisable” with warfarin, and advise “close clinical and plasma monitoring” with digoxin, especially in kidney impairment (Chen Z et al., 2026; Li et al., 2026).
• Which tests fit a given person — A question for a licensed healthcare provider. This page can’t answer it.

Commonly Stacked With

No document shows people combining ecnoglutide with another peptide, and no published study has combined it with another weight-loss drug. The documents show one comparison, one tested add-on and one combination trial that has started, recorded as documented.

→ Peptide Calculator — vial-to-syringe math

Legal Status

Related Compounds

People researching ecnoglutide often also look at these:

Next Steps

References

1. Guo W, Xu Z, Zou H, et al. Discovery of ecnoglutide - A novel, long-acting, cAMP-biased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog. Mol Metab. 2023;75:101762. PMID: 37364710. (Structure, cell and animal data, and the Phase 1 in Australia, NCT04389775.)
2. Zhu D, Wang W, Tong G, et al. Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analog ecnoglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):8408. PMID: 39333121.
3. Ji L, Gao L, Xue H, et al. Efficacy and safety of a biased GLP-1 receptor agonist ecnoglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(9):777-789. PMID: 40555243. (SLIMMER, NCT05813795.)
4. He Y, Mi N, Cheng Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist ecnoglutide versus dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated glucose concentrations on metformin monotherapy (EECOH-2): a 52-week, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(10):863-873. PMID: 40854315.
5. Zhu D, Wang W, Tong G, et al. Efficacy and safety of cAMP signalling-biased GLP-1 analogue ecnoglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (EECOH-1): a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Nat Commun. 2026;17(1):1420. PMID: 41501026.
6. Chen Z, Du C, Cai L, et al. No dose adjustment required for warfarin or metformin when coadministered with the novel GLP-1 receptor agonist ecnoglutide: an open-label, fixed-sequence, crossover study. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1816593. PMID: 42137314.
7. Li F, Du C, Yu Q, et al. Effect of a Novel GLP-1 Analogue Ecnoglutide on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin and Digoxin in Healthy Participants. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026;28(9):8128-8135. PMID: 42310888.
8. Shirley M. Ecnoglutide: First Approvals. Drugs. 2026;86(9):1563-1570. PMID: 42412371.
9. van der Velden WJC, Smit FX, Christiansen CB, et al. GLP-1 Val8: A Biased GLP-1R Agonist with Altered Binding Kinetics and Impaired Release of Pancreatic Hormones in Rats. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2021;4(1):296-313. PMID: 33615180.
10. Baumer-Harrison C, Aldaghma D, White AD, et al. GLP-1R biased cAMP agonism maintains glycemic control with reduced malaise and emesis in preclinical mammalian models. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026;28(3):2317-2328. PMID: 41508705. (Exendin-4-Phe1, a different molecule.)
11. Chen D, Ma B, Sun H, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 based drugs for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Med. 2026;5(1):e003026. PMID: 42688617.
12. Nong K, Shi Q, Xie X, et al. Comparative effects of drugs for adults with overweight or obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2026;394:e372161. PMID: 42419792.
13. Kumar M, Kumar S, Ali SME, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ecnoglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2026;9(3):e70217. PMID: 41937314.
14. Tong LH, Leung KK, Hung CT. Development and validation of a multiplexed LC-HRMS method for nine GLP-1 receptor agonists and its pharmaceutical application. J Chromatogr A. 2026;1786:467288. PMID: 42603384.
15. Sciwind Biosciences. Sciwind Biosciences Announces Ecnoglutide Injection Approved by China’s National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for Adult Type 2 Diabetes. Press release, PR Newswire, January 30, 2026. prnewswire.com/apac/news-releases/sciwind-biosciences-announces-ecnoglutide-injection-approved-by-chinas-national-medical-products-administration-nmpa-for-adult-type-2-diabetes-302675016.html. Read September 29, 2026.
16. Sciwind Biosciences. Sciwind Biosciences Partners with Pfizer China to Commercialize its Biased GLP-1 in China. Press release, PR Newswire, February 24, 2026. prnewswire.com/news-releases/sciwind-biosciences-partners-with-pfizer-china-to-commercialize-its-biased-glp-1-in-china-302695339.html. Read September 29, 2026.
17. Sciwind Biosciences. Sciwind Biosciences Announces Ecnoglutide Injection Approved by China’s National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for Chronic Weight Management. Press release, PR Newswire, March 6, 2026. prnewswire.com/news-releases/sciwind-biosciences-announces-ecnoglutide-injection-approved-by-chinas-national-medical-products-administration-nmpa-for-chronic-weight-management-302706442.html. Read September 29, 2026. (Week-48 SLIMMER figures.)
18. Sciwind Biosciences. Head-to-head Study Validates the Clinical Advantage of New-generation Biased GLP-1: Ecnoglutide Delivers 35% Greater Weight Loss than Semaglutide. Press release, PR Newswire, June 8, 2026. prnewswire.com/apac/news-releases/head-to-head-study-validates-the-clinical-advantage-of-new-generation-biased-glp-1-ecnoglutide-delivers-35-greater-weight-loss-than-semaglutide-302793396.html. Read September 29, 2026. (SLIMMER-UP-SWITCH interim; ADA 2026 late-breaking poster.)
19. Sciwind Biosciences. Sciwind Biosciences Announces Global Licensing and Collaboration Agreement for Metabolic Disease Portfolio. Press release, PR Newswire, January 10, 2025. biospace.com/press-releases/sciwind-biosciences-announces-global-licensing-and-collaboration-agreement-for-metabolic-disease-portfolio. Read September 29, 2026. (Oral ecnoglutide, XW004, licensed to Verdiva Bio.)
20. Cayman Chemical. Ecnoglutide, Item No. 41272: product information (copyright September 12, 2024). cdn.caymanchem.com/cdn/insert/41272.pdf. Read September 29, 2026.
21. ClinicalTrials.gov records (API v2), read September 29, 2026: NCT04389775, NCT05111912, NCT05813795, NCT05680155, NCT05680129, NCT06335134, NCT05184322, NCT07143227, NCT07073417, NCT07243171, NCT07281937, NCT07553299, NCT07628127, NCT07387094, NCT07434050, NCT07734311, NCT07836270.
22. World Anti-Doping Agency. Prohibited List 2026 (in effect January 1, 2026). S0, Non-approved substances. wada-ama.org.
23. FDA. Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (categories 1–3). Updated May 14, 2026. fda.gov/media/94155/download.
24. 21 CFR 216.23, Bulk drug substances that can be used to compound drug products in accordance with section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. eCFR, ecfr.gov, read September 29, 2026.
25. FDA. Drugs@FDA and NDC Directory (openFDA API) and DailyMed (National Library of Medicine), searches for “ecnoglutide”, September 29, 2026: no records.

Related Research

• SemaglutideWeekly GLP-1 Receptor Agonist (the SLIMMER-UP-SWITCH comparator)
• MazdutideDual GLP-1 / Glucagon Receptor Agonist
• LiraglutideDaily GLP-1 Receptor Agonist (the Australian Phase 2 comparator)
• TirzepatideDual GIP / GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
• DulaglutideGLP-1-Fc Fusion Receptor Agonist (the EECOH-2 comparator)