Pair page
N-Acetyl-Epithalon with Thymalin
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for N-Acetyl-Epithalon and Thymalin, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
modified-pineal-bioregulator-tetrapeptide
thymic-polypeptide-bioregulator-complex
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying N-Acetyl-Epithalon and Thymalin have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
The Khavinson group's thymic peptide bioregulator, originally isolated from calf thymus tissue. Standard pairing in the Korkushko/Khavinson elderly geroprotector protocols (Adv Gerontol 2002, PMID 12577695; Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003, PMID 14523363) where Thymalin and Epithalamin were administered in alternating courses to 266 elderly subjects with reported normalization of cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, and nervous system indices over 6–8 years.
The Khavinson-group canonical pairing. The original 266-patient elderly geroprotective trial deployed Thymalin and Epithalamin together on a 10-day-per-year IM protocol; the combination arm produced larger mortality reduction than either alone (4.1-fold over six annual courses vs ~2-fold for monotherapy). Mechanistically the rationale is the bidirectional pineal-thymus axis: Epithalamin restores pineal melatonin tone, Thymalin restores thymic immune output, and the combination supports both arms of an integrated neuroendocrine-immune system. N-Acetyl-Epithalon is the modern oral-bioavailable acetylated version of the synthetic Khavinson pineal tetrapeptide (AEDG / Epitalon).
Quick facts
N-Acetyl-Epithalon
Thymalin
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Khavinson V, Linkova N, Dyatlova A, Kuznik B, Umnov R. Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19. Molecules. 2020;25(19):4389. (Khavinson-group review of short peptide bioregulator applications including AEDG / Epitalon mechanistic discussion.) | human study |
| 2011 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Korkushko OV, Khavinson VK, Shatilo VB, Antonyk-Sheglova IA. Peptide geroprotector from the pituitary gland inhibits rapid aging of elderly people: results of 15-year follow-up. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2011;151(3):366-369. (Long-term follow-up extension of the Korkushko/Khavinson eld… | human study |
| 2003 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Khavinson VK, Morozov VG. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3-4):233-240. PMID: 14523363. (Khavinson-group review of the 266-subject elderly cohort treated with Thymalin and Epithalamin over 6–8 years; reported mortality reduc… PMID 14523363 | human study |
| 2007 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Kozina LS, Arutjunyan AV, Khavinson VK. Antioxidant properties of geroprotective peptides of the pineal gland. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007;44 Suppl 1:213-216. PMID: 17317455. (Pineal peptide preparations including Epitalon possess antioxidant properties exceeding melatonin's in… PMID 17317455 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2003 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Alimova IN, Rosenfeld SV, Zavarzina NY, Semenchenko AV, Yashin AI. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology. 2003;4(4):193-202. (1… | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2002 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Provinciali M, Alimova IN, Baturin DA, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Imyanitov EN, Mancini R, Franceschi C. Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Int J Cancer. 2002;101(1… PMID 12209581 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2002 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Anisimov SV, Bokeler KR, Khavinson VK, Anisimov VN. Studies of the effects of Vilon and Epitalon on gene expression in mouse heart using DNA microarray technology. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002;133(3):293-299. (DNA microarray analysis of AEDG peptide effects on mouse cardiac gene expr… | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2001 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Mikhalski AI, Yashin AI. Effect of synthetic dipeptide Vilon (Lys-Glu) on gene expression in mice. Mech Ageing Dev. 2001;122(13):1297-1304. (Sister Khavinson short-peptide dipeptide; gene-expression effects in mice — supports the transcription-modulati… | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2011 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Fedoreyeva LI, Kireev II, Khavinson VK, Vanyushin BF. Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2011;76(11):1210-1219. PMID: 221… PMID 22117545 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2004 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA, Smirnova TD. Peptide promotes overcoming of the division limit in human somatic cell. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2004;137(5):503-506. (Parent Epithalon extension of fibroblast replicative capacity beyond the Hayflick limit.) | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2003 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003;135(6):590-592. PMID: 12937682. (The seminal in-vitro telomerase induction finding for parent Epithalon — fetal fibroblas… PMID 12937682 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2025 | N-Acetyl-Epithalon | Araj S, et al. Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity. (2025). Independent replication of the core telomere-lengthening claim in modern human cell lines, with the mechanistic nuance that ALT pathway activation is ob… | mechanism / discovery |
| 2021 | Thymalin | Khavinson VK, Kuznik BI, Tarnovskaya SI, Linkova NS. Results and Prospects of Using Activator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation in Complex Therapy for Patients with COVID-19. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2021 Feb;17(1):285-290. doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10087-6. PMID: 33575961. (Re… PMID 33575961 | human study |
| 2020 | Thymalin | Khavinson V, Linkova N, Dyatlova A, Kuznik B, Umnov R. Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19. Molecules. 2020 Sep 24;25(19):4389. doi: 10.3390/molecules25194389. PMID: 32987757. (Computational and mechanistic review of Khavinson short peptides — including the… PMID 32987757 | human study |
| 2020 | Thymalin | Khavinson VK, Kuznik BI, Volchkov VA, Rukavishnikova SA, Titova ON, Akhmedov TA, Trofimova SV, Ryzhak GA, Potyomkin VV, Saginbaev UR. Effect of thymalin on adaptive immunity in complex therapy for patients with COVID-19. Klinicheskaya Meditsina (Russian Journal). 2020;98(8):593-… | human study |
| 2020 | Thymalin | Lukyanov SA, Kuznik BI, Shapovalov KG, Khavinson VK, Smolyakov YN, et al. Thymalin as a Potential Alternative in the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Associated with SARS-CoV-2. Int J Immunol Immunother. 2020;7:055. (Severe-COVID-19 case treated with Thymalin 10 m… | human study |
| 1986 | Thymalin | Kuznik BI, Makhakova GCh, Morozov VG, Pisarevskaia LI, Khavinson VKh. [Effect of thymalin on thrombocyte aggregation and the antiaggregation activity of the vascular wall in intact and thymectomized rats]. Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1986 Aug;102(8):200-202. Russian. PMID: 3754821. (Ea… PMID 3754821 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 1982 | Thymalin | Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Carcinogenesis and aging. IV. Effect of low-molecular-weight factors of thymus, pineal gland and anterior hypothalamus on immunity, tumor incidence and life span of C3H/Sn mice. Mech Ageing Dev. 1982 Jul;19(3):245-258. doi: 10.1016/0047-63… | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2022 | Thymalin | Avolio F, Martinotti S, Khavinson VK, Esposito JE, Giambuzzi G, Marino A, Mironova E, Pulcini R, Robuffo I, Bologna G, Simeone P, Lanuti P, Guarnieri S, Trofimova S, Procopio AD, Toniato E. Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macr… PMID 35408963 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2020 | Thymalin | Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, Polyakova VO, Drobintseva AO, Kvetnaya TV, Ivko OM. Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2020 Nov;170(1):118-122. doi: 10.1007/s10517-020-05016-z. PMID: 33237528. (In vitro demonstrati… PMID 33237528 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2016 | Thymalin | Linkova NS, Drobintseva AO, Orlova OA, Kuznetsova EP, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Khavinson VK. Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016 May;161(1):175-178. doi: 10.1007/s10517-016-3370-x. PMID: 27259484. (Khavinson short… PMID 27259484 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2017 | Thymalin | Khavinson V, Popovich I. Short Peptides Regulate Gene Expression, Protein Synthesis and Enhance Life Span. In: Vaiserman AM (ed.). Anti-aging Drugs: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. RSC Drug Discovery Series No. 57. Royal Society of Chemistry; 2017. Chapter 20, pp. 496–… | mechanism / discovery |
| 2016 | Thymalin | Khavinson VK, Lin'kova NS, Tarnovskaya SI. Short Peptides Regulate Gene Expression. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016 Nov;162(2):288-292. doi: 10.1007/s10517-016-3596-7. PMID: 27909961. (Khavinson group's short-peptide DNA-binding / gene-expression-regulation hypothesis, the mechanistic f… PMID 27909961 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2021 | Thymalin | Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, Kvetnaia TV, Polyakova VO, Ashapkin VV. The Use of Thymalin for Immunocorrection and Molecular Aspects of Biological Activity. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:716947. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716947. PMC8365293. (Narrative review summarizing 6–12-ye… | review |
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Frequently asked
Have N-Acetyl-Epithalon and Thymalin been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of N-Acetyl-Epithalon and Thymalin. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do N-Acetyl-Epithalon and Thymalin share?
N-Acetyl-Epithalon and Thymalin do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of N-Acetyl-Epithalon and Thymalin?
N-Acetyl-Epithalon: Not approved — research only. Thymalin: Not approved (US). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on N-Acetyl-Epithalon and Thymalin?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the N-Acetyl-Epithalon profile and the Thymalin profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026