Pair page
Nonapeptide-1 with Pal-GHK
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for Nonapeptide-1 and Pal-GHK, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
Nonapeptide-1 unique
brighteningmc1r-antagonist
Shared
cosmetic-peptide
Pal-GHK unique
palmitoylated-copper-peptide-analog
Quick facts
Nonapeptide-1
RouteTopical (cosmetic)
Half-lifeNot listed
FDA statusCosmetic ingredient
WADANot applicable (topical cosmetic)
Pal-GHK
RouteTopical only
Half-lifeNot listed
FDA statusCosmetic ingredient
WADAN/A (topical cosmetic)
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Nonapeptide-1 | Austin E, Nguyen JK, Jagdeo J. Topical treatments for melasma: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(11):1156-1163. PMID: 31741361. (Systematic review of RCT evidence for topical melasma treatments — the evidence-quality benchmark that no… PMID 31741361 | systematic review |
| 2009 | Nonapeptide-1 | Hantash BM, Jimenez F. A split-face, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled pilot evaluation of a novel oligopeptide for the treatment of recalcitrant melasma. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009;8(8):732-735. PMID: 19663111. (Decapeptide-12 melasma pilot — the closest published pep… PMID 19663111 | human trial |
| 2012 | Nonapeptide-1 | Hantash BM, Jimenez F. Treatment of mild to moderate facial melasma with the Lumixyl topical brightening system. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(5):660-662. PMID: 22527433. (Follow-up decapeptide-12 melasma open-label trial — the peptide brightener with the most published independent… PMID 22527433 | human pilot |
| 1999 | Nonapeptide-1 | Abdel-Malek Z, Suzuki I, Tada A, Im S, Akcali C. The melanocortin-1 receptor and human pigmentation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;885:117-133. PMID: 10816645. (Review of MC1R biology in human cutaneous pigmentation.) PMID 10816645 | human study |
| 1995 | Nonapeptide-1 | Kameyama K, Sakai C, Kuge S, Nishiyama S, Tomita Y, Ito S, Wakamatsu K, Hearing VJ. The expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 (TRP1 and TRP2), the silver protein, and a melanogenic inhibitor in human melanoma cells of differing melanogenic activities. Pig… PMID 7659683 | human study |
| 1995 | Nonapeptide-1 | Hunt G, Kyne S, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Thody AJ. Nle4DPhe7 alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone increases the eumelanin:phaeomelanin ratio in cultured human melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 1995;104(1):83-85. PMID: 7798647. (NDP-MSH / melanotan-I demonstration of agonist-driven eume… PMID 7798647 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2012 | Nonapeptide-1 | Kadekaro AL, Chen J, Yang J, Chen S, Jameson J, Swope VB, Cheng T, Kadakia M, Abdel-Malek Z. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone suppresses oxidative stress through a p53-mediated signaling pathway in human melanocytes. Mol Cancer Res. 2012;10(6):778-786. PMID: 22622028. (Docum… PMID 22622028 | mechanism / discovery |
| 1996 | Nonapeptide-1 | Suzuki I, Cone RD, Im S, Nordlund J, Abdel-Malek ZA. Binding of melanotropic hormones to the melanocortin receptor MC1R on human melanocytes stimulates proliferation and melanogenesis. Endocrinology. 1996;137(5):1627-1633. PMID: 8612494. (Original characterization of α-MSH / ACT… PMID 8612494 | mechanism / discovery |
| 1994 | Nonapeptide-1 | Kobayashi T, Urabe K, Winder A, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Imokawa G, Brewington T, Solano F, García-Borrón JC, Hearing VJ. Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) functions as a DHICA oxidase in melanin biosynthesis. EMBO J. 1994;13(24):5818-5825. PMID: 7813420. (Functional characterizat… PMID 7813420 | mechanism / discovery |
| 1992 | Nonapeptide-1 | Tsukamoto K, Jackson IJ, Urabe K, Montague PM, Hearing VJ. A second tyrosinase-related protein, TRP-2, is a melanogenic enzyme termed DOPAchrome tautomerase. EMBO J. 1992;11(2):519-526. PMID: 1537333. (Original characterization of TRP-2 / DCT as the dopachrome tautomerase — part… PMID 1537333 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2025 | Nonapeptide-1 | Austin E, Geisler AN, Nguyen J, Kohli I, Hamzavi I, Lim HW, Jagdeo J. Peptide design for enhanced anti-melanogenesis: Optimizing molecular weight, polarity, and cyclization. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2025;47(1):37-52. PMID: 39896936. (Recent review of anti-melanogenic peptide design pri… PMID 39896936 | review |
| 2021 | Nonapeptide-1 | Herraiz C, Martínez-Vicente I, Maresca V. The α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone/melanocortin-1 receptor interaction: A driver of pleiotropic effects beyond pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2021;34(4):748-761. PMID: 33884776. (Current comprehensive review of α-MSH/MC1R sig… PMID 33884776 | review |
| 2005 | Pal-GHK | Robinson LR, Fitzgerald NC, Doughty DG, Dawes NC, Berge CA, Bissett DL. Topical palmitoyl pentapeptide provides improvement in photoaged human facial skin. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2005;27(3):155-160. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00261.x. PMID: 18492182. (Found… PMID 18492182 | human trial |
| 1998 | Pal-GHK | Abdulghani AA, Sherr A, Shirin S, Solodkina G, Tapia EM, Wolf B, Gottlieb AB. Effects of topical creams containing vitamin C, a copper-binding peptide cream, and melatonin compared with tretinoin on the ultrastructure of normal skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastruct… | human pilot |
| 1988 | Pal-GHK | Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, Borel JP. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. FEBS Letters. 1988;238(2):343-346. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-x. PMID: 3138181. (Th… PMID 3138181 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2018 | Pal-GHK | Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018;19(7):1987. doi:10.3390/ijms19071987. PMID: 29986520; PMC6073405. (2018 gene-expression-based review using Broad… PMID 29986520 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2017 | Pal-GHK | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. Brain Sciences. 2017;7(2):20. doi:10.3390/brainsci7020020. PMID: 28241430. (Extension of GHK transcriptomic effects; rele… PMID 28241430 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2018 | Pal-GHK | Pickart L, Margolina A. Skin Regenerative and Anti-Cancer Actions of Copper Peptides. Cosmetics. 2018;5(2):29. doi:10.3390/cosmetics5020029. (Contemporary MDPI Cosmetics review of copper-peptide skin biology applicable to the Pal-GHK-in-situ-GHK-Cu formation hypothesis.) | review |
| 2015 | Pal-GHK | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International. 2015;2015:648108. doi:10.1155/2015/648108. PMID: 26236730; PMC4508379. (Comprehensive review of GHK's multi-pathway s… PMID 26236730 | review |
| 2008 | Pal-GHK | Pickart L. The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition. 2008;19(8):969-988. doi:10.1163/156856208784909435. PMID: 18644225. (Foundational review of the parent tripeptide GHK, its tissue-remodeling biology, and the copper-coor… PMID 18644225 | review |
| 2005 | Pal-GHK | Finkley MB, Appa Y, Bhandarkar S. Copper peptide and skin. Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs vs. Cosmetics. Marcel Dekker, New York; 2005:549–563. (Classical cosmetic-dermatology chapter summarizing GHK-Cu-containing facial cream clinical data — the cream data most ofte… | review |
| 2003 | Pal-GHK | Sederma (Croda International). Matrixyl 3000 technical dossier and product information sheets. Sederma, Le Perray-en-Yvelines, France. 2003–2024. (Manufacturer's technical documentation for the Pal-GHK + Pal-GQPR combination active — the primary source for recommended use levels… | industry documentation |
| 2002 | Pal-GHK | Mas-Chamberlin C, Lintner K, Basset L, Adhoute H, Revuz J. Relevance of antiwrinkle treatment of a peptide: 4 months clinical double blind study vs excipient. Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie. 2002;129(1S):456. Proceedings, 20th World Congress of Dermatology, Paris. (E… | industry documentation |
| 2000 | Pal-GHK | Lintner K, Peschard O. Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2000;22(3):207-218. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2000.00010.x. (Sederma researcher review of the palmitoyl-peptide lipi… | industry documentation |
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Frequently asked
Have Nonapeptide-1 and Pal-GHK been studied together?
No co-administration studies between Nonapeptide-1 and Pal-GHK are catalogued on Kalios. The pair page lists only the individual published literature for each compound and any shared mechanism tags.
What mechanisms do Nonapeptide-1 and Pal-GHK share?
Nonapeptide-1 and Pal-GHK share these mechanism tags on their Kalios profiles: cosmetic-peptide. Tags are descriptive and verbatim from each compound profile — not an inference of combined effect.
What is the FDA status of Nonapeptide-1 and Pal-GHK?
Nonapeptide-1: Cosmetic ingredient. Pal-GHK: Cosmetic ingredient. FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on Nonapeptide-1 and Pal-GHK?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the Nonapeptide-1 profile and the Pal-GHK profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026