Pair page
GHK-Cu with Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for GHK-Cu and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
connective-tissuecopper-tripeptide-skin
cosmetic-skin-firming-lipopeptide
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying GHK-Cu and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
Carrier peptide with copper-ion delivery function and the deepest independent mechanistic literature of any cosmetic peptide (chemotaxis, wound healing, gene-expression modulation). Palmitoylated GHK variants (pal-GHK, often branded as Biopeptide CL or similar) combine the copper-carrier function with the palmitoyl delivery strategy. Commonly layered with Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 for multi-mechanism anti-aging formulations.
Quick facts
GHK-Cu
Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | GHK-Cu | Buffoni F, Pino R, Dal Pozzo A. Effect of tripeptide-copper complexes on the process of healing of cutaneous wounds in mice. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1995;330(3):345-360. PMID: 9060874. PMID 9060874 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 1993 | GHK-Cu | Maquart FX, Bellon G, Chaqour B, Wegrowski J, Patt LM, Trachy RE, et al. In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺ in rat experimental wounds. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(5):2368-2376. PMID: 8227353. PMID 8227353 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2011 | GHK-Cu | Hostynek JJ, Dreher F, Maibach HI. Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer. Inflamm Res. 2011;60(1):79-86. PMID: 20835751. PMID 20835751 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2007 | GHK-Cu | Pyo HK, Yoo HG, Won CH, Lee SH, Kang YJ, Eun HC, Cho KH, Kim KH. The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res. 2007;30(7):834-839. PMID: 17702486. PMID 17702486 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 1988 | GHK-Cu | Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, Borel JP. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺. FEBS Lett. 1988;238(2):343-346. PMID: 3169264. PMID 3169264 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2017 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. Brain Sci. 2017;7(2):20. PMID: 28212278. PMID 28212278 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2012 | GHK-Cu | Campbell JD, McDonough JE, Zeskind JE, Hackett TL, Pechkovsky DV, Brandsma CA, et al. A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK. Genome Med. 2012;4(8):67. PMID: 22937864. PMID 22937864 | mechanism / discovery |
| 1973 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Thaler MM. Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver. Nat New Biol. 1973;243(124):85-87. PMID: 4351857. (Original discovery publication.) PMID 4351857 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2026 | GHK-Cu | WADA Prohibited List 2026. World Anti-Doping Agency. wada-ama.org. | regulatory / registry |
| 2025 | GHK-Cu | FDA. Bulk Drug Substances That Raise Significant Safety Risks (Category 2) Under Section 503A / 503B. FDA.gov. Updated 2025-2026. | regulatory / registry |
| 2018 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1987. PMID: 29986520. doi:10.3390/ijms19071987. (Comprehensive modern review.) PMID 29986520 | research article |
| 2015 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. PMID: 26236730. PMID 26236730 | research article |
| 2014 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Proksch E, Segger D, Degwert J, Schunck M, Zague V, Oesser S. Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(1):47-55. PMID: 23949208. (Oral collagen-pe… PMID 23949208 | human trial |
| 2012 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Wakao T, Oyama H, Hara D, Nakaseko T, Kimura S, Wakabayashi H. Pilot study of topical acetyl hexapeptide-8 in the treatment for blepharospasm in patients receiving botulinum toxin therapy. J Rehabil Med. 2012;44(10):888-891. PMID: 23146065. (Small pilot demonstrating a cosmetic… PMID 23146065 | human pilot |
| 1993 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Katayama K, Armendariz-Borunda J, Raghow R, Kang AH, Seyer JM. A pentapeptide from type I procollagen promotes extracellular matrix production. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(14):9941-9944. PMID: 8486721. (Founding in-vitro demonstration that the KTTKS pentapeptide stimulates type I coll… PMID 8486721 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2013 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Castelletto V, Hamley IW, Whitehouse C, Matts PJ, Osborne R, Baker ES. Self-Assembly of Palmitoyl Lipopeptides Used in Skin Care Products. Langmuir. 2013;29(29):9149-9155. DOI: 10.1021/la401771j. (Biophysical characterization of pal-KTTKS, pal-GHK, and pal-KT self-assembly — est… | mechanism / discovery |
| 2020 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Errante F, Ledwoń P, Latajka R, Rovero P, Papini AM. Cosmeceutical Peptides in the Framework of Sustainable Wellness Economy. Front Chem. 2020;8:572923. DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.572923. (Contemporary review of cosmeceutical peptide chemistry, delivery, and regulatory frameworks.… | review |
| 2017 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Pai VV, Bhandari P, Shukla P. Topical peptides as cosmeceuticals. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2017;83(1):9-18. DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.186500. (Narrative review of topical peptide cosmeceuticals including palmitoyl lipopeptides; evaluates evidence and regulatory framework… | review |
| 2011 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Abu Samah NH, Heard CM. Topically applied KTTKS: a review. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2011;33(6):483-490. PMID: 21535443. (Comprehensive academic review of KTTKS and its major derivatives including palmitoylated forms. Addresses physicochemical properties, theoretical skin permeation, an… PMID 21535443 | review |
| 2009 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Gorouhi F, Maibach HI. Role of topical peptides in preventing or treating aged skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2009;31(5):327-345. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00490.x. (Review of topical peptide cosmetics with evidence-rating discussion across the signal / neurotransmitter / carrier p… | review |
| 2009 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Fields K, Falla TJ, Rodan K, Bush L. Bioactive peptides: signaling the future. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009;8(1):8-13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2009.00416.x. (Review of bioactive peptides in dermatology, including discussion of signal peptides and palmitoyl lipopeptides as the leadin… | review |
| 2009 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Zhang L, Falla TJ. Cosmeceuticals and peptides. Clin Dermatol. 2009;27(5):485-494. DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.05.013. (Review specifically on cosmetic peptides from a dermatology-clinic perspective, addressing the signal-peptide class including palmitoylated variants.) | review |
| 2000 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Lintner K, Peschard O. Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2000;22(3):207-218. PMID: 18503476. (Sederma's foundational review establishing the cosmetic-lipopeptide strategic framework — palmitoylati… PMID 18503476 | industry documentation |
| 2007 | Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 | Lupo MP, Cole AL. Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatol Ther. 2007;20(5):343-349. PMID: 18045359. (Dermatology-review classification of cosmetic peptides into signal, neurotransmitter-affecting, and carrier categories. Notes the limited efficacy-testing rigor of the field as a whole.) PMID 18045359 | research article |
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Frequently asked
Have GHK-Cu and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of GHK-Cu and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do GHK-Cu and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 share?
GHK-Cu and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of GHK-Cu and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6?
GHK-Cu: Cosmetic ingredient; Category 2 for injection. Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6: Cosmetic ingredient. FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on GHK-Cu and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the GHK-Cu profile and the Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026