Pair page
Follistatin-344 with IGF-1 LR3
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for Follistatin-344 and IGF-1 LR3, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
myostatin-activin-binding-glycoproteinprotein
igf-1-receptor-agonistlong-r3-analogmodified-protein
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying Follistatin-344 and IGF-1 LR3 have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
Community protocols sometimes combine follistatin (releasing the myostatin brake) with IGF-1 LR3 (providing anabolic growth signal). Layered mechanism for aggressive hypertrophy. Very limited evidence for additive safety; unquantified cardiac and cancer concerns.
Myostatin inhibition (parallel pathway to IGF-1R-driven hypertrophy). Combined for "two-axis muscle building" rationale. Both compounds operate without robust adult human clinical evidence.
Quick facts
Follistatin-344
IGF-1 LR3
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | Follistatin-344 | Mendell JR, Sahenk Z, Malik V, Gomez AM, Flanigan KM, Lowes LP, Alfano LN, Berry K, Meadows E, Lewis S, Braun L, Shontz K, Rouhana M, Clark KR, Rosales XQ, Al-Zaidy S, Govoni A, Rodino-Klapac LR, Hogan MJ, Kaspar BK. A phase 1/2a follistatin gene therapy trial for becker muscula… PMID 25322757 | human trial, Phase 1 |
| 2008 | Follistatin-344 | Wagner KR, Fleckenstein JL, Amato AA, Barohn RJ, Bushby K, Escolar DM, Flanigan KM, Pestronk A, Tawil R, Wolfe GI, Eagle M, Florence JM, King WM, Pandya S, Straub V, Juneau P, Meyers K, Csimma C, Araujo T, Allen R, Parsons SA, Wozney JM, Lavallie ER, Mendell JR. A phase I/IItria… PMID 18335515 | human trial, Phase 1 |
| 2013 | Follistatin-344 | Attie KM, Borgstein NG, Yang Y, Condon CH, Wilson DM, Pearsall AE, Kumar R, Willins DA, Seehra JS, Sherman ML. A single ascending-dose study of muscle regulator ACE-031 in healthy volunteers. Muscle Nerve. 2013;47(3):416-423. PMID: 23169607. (Soluble ActRIIB approach.) PMID 23169607 | human study |
| 1997 | Follistatin-344 | McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ. Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-β superfamily member. Nature. 1997;387(6628):83-90. PMID: 9139826. (Myostatin discovery and knockout mouse phenotype.) PMID 9139826 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2010 | Follistatin-344 | Lee SJ. Extracellular Regulation of Myostatin: A Molecular Rheostat for Muscle Mass. Immunol Endocr Metab Agents Med Chem. 2010;10(4):183-194. PMID: 21423858. (Review of endogenous myostatin regulation including follistatin.) PMID 21423858 | review |
| 2026 | Follistatin-344 | WADA Prohibited List 2026. World Anti-Doping Agency. wada-ama.org. (S2 category — includes myostatin inhibitors.) | regulatory / registry |
| 2025 | Follistatin-344 | FDA. Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding — 503A and 503B Categories. FDA.gov. Updated 2025–2026. | regulatory / registry |
| 2017 | Follistatin-344 | Mendell JR, Sahenk Z, Al-Zaidy S, Rodino-Klapac LR, Lowes LP, Alfano LN, Berry K, Miller N, Yalvac M, Dvorchik I, Moore-Clingenpeel M, Flanigan KM, Church K, Shontz K, Curry C, Lewis S, McColly M, Hogan MJ, Kaspar BK. Follistatin gene therapy for sporadic inclusion body myositis… PMID 28245993 | research article |
| 2015 | Follistatin-344 | Al-Zaidy SA, Sahenk Z, Rodino-Klapac LR, Kaspar B, Mendell JR. Follistatin Gene Therapy Improves Ambulation in Becker Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2015;2(3):185-192. PMID: 27858738. PMID 27858738 | research article |
| 2009 | Follistatin-344 | Rodino-Klapac LR, Haidet AM, Kota J, Handy C, Kaspar BK, Mendell JR. Inhibition of myostatin with emphasis on follistatin as a therapy for muscle disease. Muscle Nerve. 2009;39(3):283-296. PMID: 19208403. (Mechanistic review.) PMID 19208403 | research article |
| 2009 | Follistatin-344 | Kota J, Handy CR, Haidet AM, Montgomery CL, Eagle A, Rodino-Klapac LR, Tucker D, Shilling CJ, Therlfall WR, Walker CM, Weisbrode SE, Janssen PM, Clark KR, Sahenk Z, Mendell JR, Kaspar BK. Follistatin gene delivery enhances muscle growth and strength in nonhuman primates. Sci Tra… PMID 20368179 | research article |
| 2008 | Follistatin-344 | Haidet AM, Rizo L, Handy C, Umapathi P, Eagle A, Shilling C, Boue D, Martin PT, Sahenk Z, Mendell JR, Kaspar BK. Long-term enhancement of skeletal muscle mass and strength by single gene administration of myostatin inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105(11):4318-4322. PMID… PMID 18334646 | research article |
| 2004 | IGF-1 LR3 | Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. (Epidemiologic IGF-1/cancer association.) | systematic review |
| 1999 | IGF-1 LR3 | Ranke MB, Savage MO, Chatelain PG, Preece MA, Rosenfeld RG, Wilton P. Long-term treatment of growth hormone insensitivity syndrome with IGF-I. Results of the European Multicentre Study. Horm Res. 1999;51(3):128-134. (Mecasermin European data.) | human study |
| 1993 | IGF-1 LR3 | Francis GL, Aplin SE, Milner SJ, McNeil KA, Ballard FJ, Wallace JC. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II binding to IGF-binding proteins and IGF receptors is modified by deletion of the N-terminal hexapeptide or substitution of arginine for glutamate-6 in IGF-II. Biochem J. 1993;… | mechanism / discovery |
| 1992 | IGF-1 LR3 | Francis GL, Ross M, Ballard FJ, Milner SJ, Senn C, McNeil KA, Wallace JC, King R, Wells JR. Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological poten… | mechanism / discovery |
| 1992 | IGF-1 LR3 | King R, Wells JR, Krieg P, Snoswell M, Brazier J, Bagley CJ, Wallace JC, Ballard FJ, Ross M, Francis GL. Production and characterization of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and potent analogues of IGF-I, with Gly or Arg substituted for Glu3, following their expre… | mechanism / discovery |
| 2026 | IGF-1 LR3 | WADA Prohibited List 2026. World Anti-Doping Agency. wada-ama.org. (All IGF-1 forms banned under S2.) | regulatory / registry |
| 2026 | IGF-1 LR3 | HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Public Statement on Peptide Reclassification, February 27, 2026. (Reference for ongoing Category 2 → Category 1 review affecting IGF-1 family.) | regulatory / registry |
| 2025 | IGF-1 LR3 | FDA. Bulk Drug Substances That Raise Significant Safety Risks (Category 2) Under Section 503A / 503B. FDA.gov. Updated 2025–2026. (IGF-1 LR3 Category 2 designation.) | regulatory / registry |
| 2005 | IGF-1 LR3 | Increlex (mecasermin) FDA Approval Documentation. FDA Approval Date: August 31, 2005. Sponsor: Tercica (now Ipsen). Indication: severe primary IGF-1 deficiency in children. (Native rhIGF-1; not IGF-1 LR3.) | regulatory / registry |
| — | IGF-1 LR3 | Thomas A, Solymos E, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Determination of insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF analogues in human serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (WADA detection methods for IGF-1 forms including LR3.) | regulatory / registry |
| — | IGF-1 LR3 | Ipsen Pharmaceuticals. Increlex (mecasermin) Prescribing Information. (FDA-approved native rhIGF-1; not IGF-1 LR3.) | regulatory / registry |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have Follistatin-344 and IGF-1 LR3 been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of Follistatin-344 and IGF-1 LR3. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do Follistatin-344 and IGF-1 LR3 share?
Follistatin-344 and IGF-1 LR3 do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of Follistatin-344 and IGF-1 LR3?
Follistatin-344: Not approved (Phase 1/2 gene therapy). IGF-1 LR3: Research only (Category 2 bulk). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on Follistatin-344 and IGF-1 LR3?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the Follistatin-344 profile and the IGF-1 LR3 profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026