Pair page
Cartalax with TB-500
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for Cartalax and TB-500, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
khavinson-cartilage-bioregulator
angiogenesissystemic-tissue-repair
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying Cartalax and TB-500 have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
Cell-migration and connective-tissue-remodeling peptide, frequently stacked with BPC-157 and Cartalax in "joint/tendon recovery" community protocols. Preclinical mechanism overlap; clinical evidence sparse.
Quick facts
Cartalax
TB-500
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Cartalax | Khavinson VKh, Popovich IG, Linkova NS, Mironova ES, Ilina AR. Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review. Molecules. 2021;26(22):7053. PMID: 34834147. PMID 34834147 | systematic review |
| 2006 | Cartalax | Gumen AV, Kozinets IA, Shanin SN, Malinin VV, Rybakina EG. Production of lymphocyte-activating factors by mouse macrophages during aging and under the effect of short peptides. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2006;142(3):360-362. PMID: 17266159. PMID 17266159 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2016 | Cartalax | Linkova NS, Drobintseva AO, Orlova OA, Kuznetsova EP, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Khavinson VKh. Peptide regulation of skin fibroblast functions during their aging in vitro. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2016;161(1):175-178. PMID: 27259486. PMID 27259486 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2014 | Cartalax | Khavinson VKh, Tarnovskaya SI, Lin'kova NS, Polyakova VO, Durnova AO, Nichik TE, Kvetnoi IM, D'yakonov MM, Yakutseni PP. Short cell-penetrating peptides regulate fibroblast functions in cell cultures of young and old patients. Advances in Gerontology. 2014;27(4):651-656. (Key Ca… | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2011 | Cartalax | Fedoreyeva LI, Kireev II, Khavinson VKh, Vanyushin BF. Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and the specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA in vitro. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2011;76(11):1210-1219. PM… PMID 22117548 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2012 | Cartalax | Khavinson VKh, Solov'ev AIu, Zhilinskii DV. Molecular mechanism of the peptide regulation of gene expression: a review. Advances in Gerontology. 2012;25(3):447-456. PMID: 23289233. PMID 23289233 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2020 | Cartalax | Khavinson V, Linkova N, Diatlova A, Trofimova S. Peptide Regulation of Cell Differentiation. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 2020;16(1):118-125. PMID: 31813120. PMID 31813120 | bioregulator literature |
| 2016 | Cartalax | Vanyushin BF, Khavinson VKh. Short Biologically Active Peptides as Epigenetic Modulators of Gene Activity. In: Epigenetics — A Different Way of Looking at Genetics. Springer, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27186-6_5. | bioregulator literature |
| 2012 | Cartalax | Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Polyakova VO, Kheifets OV, Tarnovskaya SI, Kvetnoy IM. Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2012;153(1):148-151. PMID: 22808513. PMID 22808513 | bioregulator literature |
| 2010 | Cartalax | Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh. Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects. Biogerontology. 2010;11(2):139-149. PMID: 19633997. PMID 19633997 | bioregulator literature |
| 2005 | Cartalax | Khavinson VKh, Malinin VV. Gerontological Aspects of Genome Peptide Regulation. Karger Publishers, Basel, 2005. ISBN 3-8055-7903-3. | bioregulator literature |
| 2002 | Cartalax | Khavinson VKh. Peptides and ageing. Neuroendocrinology Letters. 2002;23(Suppl 3):11-144. PMID: 12496732. PMID 12496732 | bioregulator literature |
| 2023 | TB-500 | Sosne G, Kim C, Kleinman HK. 0.1% RGN-259 (Thymosin β4) Ophthalmic Solution Promotes Healing and Improves Comfort in Neurotrophic Keratopathy Patients in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Masked Phase III Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(1):554. | human trial, Phase 3 |
| 2015 | TB-500 | Sosne G, Dunn SP, Kim C. Thymosin β4 significantly improves signs and symptoms of severe dry eye in a Phase 2 randomized trial. Cornea. 2015;34(5):491-496. | human trial, Phase 2 |
| — | TB-500 | ClinicalTrials.gov. A Phase 2 Study on Effect of Thymosin Beta 4 on Wound Healing. NCT00311766. | human trial, Phase 2 |
| 2010 | TB-500 | Ruff D, Crockford D, Girardi G, Zhang Y. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1194:223-229. | human trial |
| 1981 | TB-500 | Low TL, Hu SK, Goldstein AL. Complete amino acid sequence of bovine thymosin beta 4: a thymic hormone that induces terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in thymocyte populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981;78(2):1162-1166. PMID: 6940133. (Discovery publication.) PMID 6940133 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2025 | TB-500 | WADA. 2025 Prohibited List. Section S2 — Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics. World Anti-Doping Agency. Thymosin β4 and derivatives prohibited since 2011. | regulatory / registry |
| 2025 | TB-500 | FDA. Bulk Drug Substances That Raise Significant Safety Risks (Category 2) under Section 503A / 503B. FDA.gov. Updated 2025. | regulatory / registry |
| 2015 | TB-500 | Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Primary Mechanisms of Thymosin β4 Repair Activity in Dry Eye Disorders and Other Tissue Injuries. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(9):5110-5117. PMID: 26241398. PMID 26241398 | research article |
| 2012 | TB-500 | Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. PMID: 22074294. PMID 22074294 | research article |
| 2011 | TB-500 | Smart N, Bollini S, Dubé KN, Vieira JM, Zhou B, Davidson S, Yellon D, Riegler J, Price AN, Lythgoe MF, Pu WT, Riley PR. De novo cardiomyocytes from within the activated adult heart after injury. Nature. 2011;474(7353):640-644. PMID: 21654746. PMID 21654746 | research article |
| 2010 | TB-500 | Sosne G, Qiu P, Goldstein AL, Wheater M. Biological activities of thymosin beta4 defined by active sites in short peptide sequences. FASEB J. 2010;24(7):2144-2151. PMID: 20179146. PMID 20179146 | research article |
| 2010 | TB-500 | Crockford D, Turjman N, Allan C, Angel J. Thymosin beta4: structure, function, and biological properties supporting current and future clinical applications. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1194:179-189. PMID: 20536465. PMID 20536465 | research article |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have Cartalax and TB-500 been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of Cartalax and TB-500. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do Cartalax and TB-500 share?
Cartalax and TB-500 do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of Cartalax and TB-500?
Cartalax: Not approved. TB-500: Category 2; RGN-259 Phase 3. FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on Cartalax and TB-500?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the Cartalax profile and the TB-500 profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026