Pair page
AHK-Cu with Syn-Coll
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for AHK-Cu and Syn-Coll, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
copper-tripeptidehair
cosmetic-peptide
tgf-mimetic-collagen-signal
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying AHK-Cu and Syn-Coll have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
Alanyl-Histidyl-Lysine copper tripeptide — a GHK analog with copper-mediated matrix effects and additional hair-follicle signaling. Layered with Syn-Coll for combined collagen-signal and copper-enzyme cofactor activity. Common in scalp/hair anti-aging serums and full-face regimens.
Quick facts
AHK-Cu
Syn-Coll
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | AHK-Cu | Dhurat R, Sukesh M, Avhad G, Dandale A, Pal A, Pund P. A Randomized Evaluator Blinded Study of Effect of Microneedling in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Pilot Study. Int J Trichology. 2013;5(1):6-11. doi:10.4103/0974-7753.114700. PMID: 23960389. (Microneedling + minoxidil RCT — the pr… PMID 23960389 | human trial |
| 1998 | AHK-Cu | Lachgar S, Charveron M, Gall Y, Bonafe JL. Minoxidil upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human hair dermal papilla cells. Br J Dermatol. 1998;138(3):407-411. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02115.x. PMID: 9580790. (Clinically validated positive-contr… PMID 9580790 | human study |
| 2001 | AHK-Cu | Yano K, Brown LF, Detmar M. Control of hair growth and follicle size by VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. J Clin Invest. 2001;107(4):409-417. doi:10.1172/JCI11317. PMID: 11181640. (Transgenic VEGF overexpression increases perifollicular vascularization, accelerates hair regrowth, and… PMID 11181640 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2007 | AHK-Cu | Pyo HK, Yoo HG, Won CH, Lee SH, Kang YJ, Eun HC, Cho KH, Kim KH. The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res. 2007;30(7):834-839. doi:10.1007/BF02978833. PMID: 17703734. (The foundational AHK-Cu in-vitro / ex-vivo paper — dermal papilla… PMID 17703734 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 1988 | AHK-Cu | Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, Borel JP. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. FEBS Lett. 1988;238(2):343-346. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-x. PMID: 3169264. (Found… PMID 3169264 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2018 | AHK-Cu | Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1987. doi:10.3390/ijms19071987. PMID: 29986520. (Comprehensive review of copper-peptide gene-expression effects — scaffold for AHK-Cu me… PMID 29986520 | review |
| 2008 | AHK-Cu | Pickart L. The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2008;19(8):969-988. doi:10.1163/156856208784909435. PMID: 18644225. (Authoritative Pickart review of the copper-peptide tissue-remodeling framework.) PMID 18644225 | review |
| 2015 | AHK-Cu | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. doi:10.1155/2015/648108. PMID: 26236730. (Multi-pathway copper-peptide mechanism review — foundational context for… PMID 26236730 | research article |
| 2012 | AHK-Cu | Li W, Man XY, Li CM, Chen JQ, Zhou J, Cai SQ, Lu ZF, Zheng M. VEGF induces proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells through VEGFR-2-mediated activation of ERK. Exp Cell Res. 2012;318(14):1633-1640. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.05.003. PMID: 22659165. (Downstream VEG… PMID 22659165 | research article |
| 2012 | AHK-Cu | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:324832. doi:10.1155/2012/324832. PMID: 22666519. (Copper-peptide agi… PMID 22666519 | research article |
| 2000 | AHK-Cu | Siméon A, Wegrowski Y, Bontemps Y, Maquart FX. Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+). J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(6):962-968. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00166.x. PMID: 1… PMID 11121126 | research article |
| 1999 | AHK-Cu | Simeon A, Monier F, Emonard H, Gillery P, Birembaut P, Hornebeck W, Maquart FX. Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+). J Invest Dermatol. 1999;112(6):957-964. doi:10.1046/j.… PMID 10383745 | research article |
| 1998 | Syn-Coll | Crawford SE, Stellmach V, Murphy-Ullrich JE, Ribeiro SM, Lawler J, Hynes RO, Boivin GP, Bouck N. Thrombospondin-1 is a major activator of TGF-beta1 in vivo. Cell. 1998;93(7):1159-1170. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81460-9. PMID: 9657149. (Genetic demonstration in TSP-1-null mice th… PMID 9657149 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 1987 | Syn-Coll | Varga J, Rosenbloom J, Jimenez SA. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) causes a persistent increase in steady-state amounts of type I and type III collagen and fibronectin mRNAs in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Biochem J. 1987;247(3):597-604. doi:10.1042/bj2470597. PMI… PMID 3501287 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2004 | Syn-Coll | Young GD, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Molecular interactions that confer latency to transforming growth factor-beta. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(36):38032-38039. doi:10.1074/jbc.M405658200. PMID: 15208302. (Biochemical characterization of the LAP "latency lasso" that TSP-1 KRFK disrupts.) PMID 15208302 | mechanism / discovery |
| 1992 | Syn-Coll | Murphy-Ullrich JE, Schultz-Cherry S, Höök M. Transforming growth factor-beta complexes with thrombospondin. Mol Biol Cell. 1992;3(2):181-188. doi:10.1091/mbc.3.2.181. (Original biochemical characterization of the TSP-1 / TGF-β complex.) | mechanism / discovery |
| 1986 | Syn-Coll | Ignotz RA, Massagué J. Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates the expression of fibronectin and collagen and their incorporation into the extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem. 1986;261(9):4337-4345. PMID: 3456347. (Early demonstration of TGF-β–driven matrix gene expression; co-… PMID 3456347 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2018 | Syn-Coll | Murphy-Ullrich JE, Suto MJ. Thrombospondin-1 regulation of latent TGF-β activation: a therapeutic target for fibrotic disease. Matrix Biol. 2018;68-69:28-43. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.009. (Comprehensive modern review of TSP-1 / TGF-β targeting for disease; PMC6015530.) | review |
| 2007 | Syn-Coll | Lupo MP, Cole AL. Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatol Ther. 2007;20(5):343-349. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2007.00148.x. PMID: 18045359. (The most widely cited dermatology review of cosmeceutical peptides; positions palmitoyl tripeptide-5 within the signal-peptide class.) PMID 18045359 | review |
| 2000 | Syn-Coll | Murphy-Ullrich JE, Poczatek M. Activation of latent TGF-beta by thrombospondin-1: mechanisms and physiology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2000;11(1-2):59-69. doi:10.1016/s1359-6101(99)00029-5. PMID: 10708953. (Definitive mechanistic review of TSP-1-dependent TGF-β activation.) PMID 10708953 | review |
| — | Syn-Coll | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety Assessment of Palmitoyl Oligopeptides and Palmitoyl Polypeptides as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. CIR Final Report (periodic updates). (Regulatory safety review of the palmitoyl-peptide class, including palmitoyl tripeptide-5.) | review |
| 2009 | Syn-Coll | Reszko AE, Berson D, Lupo MP. Cosmeceuticals: practical applications. Dermatol Clin. 2009;27(4):401-416, v. doi:10.1016/j.det.2009.05.006. PMID: 19850190. (Dermatology practice-level overview of cosmeceutical peptide use, including TGF-β–mimetic tripeptides.) PMID 19850190 | research article |
| 2004 | Syn-Coll | Young GD, Murphy-Ullrich JE. The tryptophan-rich motifs of the thrombospondin type 1 repeats bind VLAL motifs in the latent transforming growth factor-beta complex. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(46):47633-47642. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404918200. PMID: 15347654. (Identification of the WxxW "do… PMID 15347654 | research article |
| 1999 | Syn-Coll | Ribeiro SM, Poczatek M, Schultz-Cherry S, Villain M, Murphy-Ullrich JE. The activation sequence of thrombospondin-1 interacts with the latency-associated peptide to regulate activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(19):13586-13593. doi:10.1074/… PMID 10224129 | research article |
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More research context
Frequently asked
Have AHK-Cu and Syn-Coll been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of AHK-Cu and Syn-Coll. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do AHK-Cu and Syn-Coll share?
AHK-Cu and Syn-Coll share these mechanism tags on their Kalios profiles: cosmetic-peptide. Tags are descriptive and verbatim from each compound profile — not an inference of combined effect.
What is the FDA status of AHK-Cu and Syn-Coll?
AHK-Cu: Cosmetic ingredient. Syn-Coll: Cosmetic ingredient (not drug). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on AHK-Cu and Syn-Coll?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the AHK-Cu profile and the Syn-Coll profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026