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Sleep & focus · Daily shot

DSIP

Gray market

Checked · 26 sources · 9 corrections on this page · No vendors · No affiliates · No one buys a word of it

4 human pilot studies

Limited Human Data · sleep · 25 nmol/kg by vein · 1981 to 1992

Gray market · FDA said no — its advisory panel voted against it on July 24, 2026

Sold as a research chemical. Some clinics and pharmacies still supply it; that’s their risk, not a change in the rule.

Not legal to compound The FDA’s advisory committee voted against it on July 23–24, 2026. See every change →

Bottom line

An uncontrolled signal in withdrawal (Dick et al., 1984), little in controlled insomnia trials (Bes et al., 1992), and no known receptor after almost fifty years (Kovalzon & Strekalova, 2006).

Also called
  • Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide
  • Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu
  • DSIP nonapeptide
  • WAGGDASGE
Category
Peptide — Neuroregulatory Nonapeptide / Historical Sleep Factor
Molecular Weight
848.8 Da
Sequence
9 amino acids
(WAGGDASGE)
Discovered
1977 (Schoenenberger-Monnier)
rabbit cerebral venous blood
Route (studied)
IV (people) · into the brain (animals)
Route (sold)
SubQ vials; nasal spray (research chemical)
Mechanism
Unknown — receptor/gene
not isolated
FDA Status
Not on 503A List. PCAC voted 6-7 against (Jul 2026)
Historical Human Trials
1981–1992
sleep / withdrawal
Modern Trials
Minimal
WADA Status
Not specifically listed; registered as a medicine in Russia (Deltaran), so S0 does not apply
Cost & Access
Research-only

Also for sleep & focus

The other four questions

What does it do? In rats and dogs it crosses from the blood into the brain and spinal fluid (Banks et al., 1984). In small trials it sometimes improved sleep and sometimes did no better than placebo (Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, 1981; Bes et al., 1992). Its Geneva clinicians proposed opioid-like activity because naloxone reversed its sleep effect in animals (Dick et al., 1984). No DSIP gene, precursor or receptor has been found (Kovalzon & Strekalova, 2006).
Who uses it? It is sold online as a research chemical, and in Russia as Deltaran, a registered non-prescription nasal product (Vidal Russia, Deltaran). In the 1980s, Swiss clinicians gave it by vein in withdrawal trials (Dick et al., 1984).
Does the evidence hold up? Weakly. A 1984 study reported withdrawal symptoms gone or much improved in 97% of opiate and 87% of alcohol patients, with no control group (Dick et al., 1984). The double-blind insomnia trials found effects that were weak or no different from placebo (Monti et al., 1987; Bes et al., 1992). A 2006 review called the case for DSIP as a sleep factor “extremely poorly documented and still weak” (Kovalzon & Strekalova, 2006).
Bottom line? An uncontrolled signal in withdrawal (Dick et al., 1984), little in controlled insomnia trials (Bes et al., 1992), and no known receptor after almost fifty years (Kovalzon & Strekalova, 2006).

Dosing from the Literature

Published for sleep: 25 nmol/kg by vein, in small trials from 1981 to 1992 with weak or mixed results (Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, 1981; Bes et al., 1992). Not published: a trial of the under-the-skin or nasal doses sellers list.

The rows give each study’s dose and population; they are study doses, not recommendations. 25 nmol/kg is about 21 µg/kg, or about 1.5 mg for a 70 kg adult (arithmetic from the peptide’s molecular weight).

StudyDoseRoute and schedulePopulation and result
Healthy volunteers (Schneider-Helmert et al., 1981)25 nmol/kgSlow IV infusion, in the morning; double-blind crossover6 healthy adults. Sleep rose 59% within about two hours compared with placebo, without classic sedation
Insomnia (Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, 1981)25 nmol/kgIV, single dose6 middle-aged adults with chronic insomnia. Longer, less interrupted sleep
Insomnia (Monti et al., 1987)25 nmol/kgIV on four nights; double-blind crossover against placeboAdults with chronic insomnia. Improvement “of little clinical significance”
Insomnia (Bes et al., 1992)25 nmol/kgIV in the afternoon before three nights; double-blind against placebo16 adults with chronic insomnia. Weak effects, “not likely to be of major therapeutic benefit”
Alcohol and opiate withdrawal (Dick et al., 1983; Dick et al., 1984)25 nmol/kgIV, repeated as symptoms required; more injections in opiate withdrawal67 and 107 inpatients, no control group. Symptoms gone or much improved in most evaluable patients
Subcutaneous (community)100–500 µgBefore bedWhat online guides describe. No trial has tested an injected dose
Intranasal (community; Deltaran)100–500 µg in community use; Deltaran is a 0.3 mg nasal productNasalWhat online guides describe; Deltaran is registered in Russia (Vidal Russia, Deltaran). No trial of a nasal dose was read for this page
Dosing Disclaimer

The published doses were given by vein in clinical studies; the community figures have no trial behind them. DSIP is not FDA-approved. The 1992 double-blind trial concluded that short-term DSIP “is not likely to be of major therapeutic benefit” in chronic insomnia (Bes et al., 1992). Consult a licensed healthcare provider.

→ Calculator — vial-to-syringe math

What It Is

Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) is a nine-amino-acid nonapeptide (a chain of 9 amino acids) with the sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (one-letter code WAGGDASGE), molecular weight 848.8 Da. It was isolated in 1977 by the Swiss group of Marcel Monnier and Guido Schoenenberger at the Institute of Physiology, University of Basel, from cerebral venous blood of rabbits subjected to electrical stimulation of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei that induced slow-wave (delta) sleep.

Unlike most neuropeptides on this site, DSIP’s biosynthetic origin is unclear: by 2006 no DSIP gene, precursor protein or receptor had been found (Kovalzon & Strekalova, 2006).

DSIP is small, nine amino acids. In rats and dogs, labelled DSIP crossed into the brain and spinal fluid by a non-competitive mechanism (Banks et al., 1984), and its entry into dog spinal fluid tracked its blood level, half-life and fat solubility (Banks et al., 1986). In human intestinal cells grown in the laboratory it was broken down and none crossed the cell layer (Augustijns & Borchardt, 1995). The human trials cited here gave it by vein; Deltaran, the product registered in Russia, is a nasal form (Vidal Russia, Deltaran).

DSIP is made synthetically. It is not FDA-approved; in Russia it is registered as Deltaran, a 0.3 mg nasal product sold without prescription (Vidal Russia, Deltaran). In the 1980s, Geneva clinicians gave it by vein to patients in alcohol and opiate withdrawal (Dick et al., 1984).

Mechanism of Action

How DSIP acts is unknown: no DSIP gene, precursor protein or receptor has been isolated, and a 2006 review proposes that a related, still-unidentified peptide may account for its activity (Kovalzon & Strekalova, 2006). What the studies cited here found:

  • Delta EEG in rabbits — Infused into the brain ventricles of rabbits under double-blind conditions, synthetic DSIP enhanced delta and spindle EEG patterns; the eight related peptides tested alongside it did not (Schoenenberger & Monnier, 1977).
  • Sleep in people — In healthy volunteers, sleep rose within about two hours of an infusion, without sedation in the classic pharmacologic sense (Schneider-Helmert et al., 1981). In insomnia, REM sleep rose slightly in one study (Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, 1981) and did not change in another, where the overall gain was “of little clinical significance” (Monti et al., 1987).
  • The opioid hypothesis — In animal work by Tissot, DSIP, like morphine, alcohol and pentobarbital, induced slow-wave sleep when injected into a brainstem–thalamic arousal system, an effect naloxone reversed; from this the Geneva group proposed agonist activity at opiate receptors (Dick et al., 1984). No receptor-binding study is cited here.
  • Crossing into the brain — Labelled DSIP crossed the rat blood–brain barrier and the dog blood–spinal-fluid barrier by a non-competitive mechanism (Banks et al., 1984); entry into dog spinal fluid tracked plasma level, plasma half-life and fat solubility (Banks et al., 1986).
  • Gut and blood — In human intestinal cell layers DSIP was broken down quickly and none crossed (Augustijns & Borchardt, 1995). In human and rat blood it is degraded quickly, releasing tryptophan; two analogs lasted longer (Graf et al., 1987).
  • Stress and transmitters (animal data) — In rats, DSIP raised hypothalamic substance P and resistance to emotional stress (Salieva et al., 1992). A 1986 review lists modulation of adrenergic transmission as a possible mechanism, not established (Graf & Kastin, 1986).

What the Research Shows

DSIP research falls into two distinct eras: an active period from the 1977 isolation to the human trials of 1981–1992, and a quieter post-1990s period of scattered mechanistic studies. Major published findings:

  • Original isolation — Schoenenberger and Monnier (PNAS 1977; PMID 265572) named the peptide, gave its sequence, and showed that only synthetic DSIP, of nine peptides infused into rabbit brain ventricles, enhanced delta and spindle EEG.
  • Chronic insomnia IV pilot — Schneider-Helmert D, Schoenenberger GA. The influence of synthetic DSIP on disturbed human sleep. Experientia. 1981;37(9):913-917. PMID 7028502. 6 middle-aged chronic insomniacs received 25 nmol/kg IV DSIP. Longer sleep duration, higher sleep quality with fewer interruptions, slightly more REM sleep, no daytime sedation. Small N; suggestive but not definitive.
  • Chronic insomnia short-term trial — Monti JM, Debellis J, Alterwain P, Pellejero T, Monti D. Study of delta sleep-inducing peptide efficacy in improving sleep on short-term administration to chronic insomniacs. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1987;7(2):105-110. PMID 3583493.
  • Chronic insomnia double-blind RCT — Bes F, Hofman W, Schuur J, Van Boxtel C. Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients. A double-blind study. Neuropsychobiology. 1992;26(4):193-197. PMID 1299794. 16 patients; 3rd-5th nights received either 25 nmol/kg IV DSIP or glucose placebo. Results: higher sleep efficiency and shorter sleep latency with DSIP vs placebo, but effects "weak and in part could be due to an incidental change in the placebo group." Conclusion: "short-term treatment of chronic insomnia with DSIP is not likely to be of major therapeutic benefit."
  • Alcohol / opiate withdrawal trials — Dick P, Costa C, Fayolle K, Grandjean ME, Khoshbeen A, Tissot R. DSIP in the treatment of withdrawal syndromes from alcohol and opiates. Eur Neurol. 1984;23(5):364-371. PMID 6548969. 107 inpatients (47 alcohol, 60 opiate) received IV DSIP. Clinical symptoms disappeared or improved rapidly in 97% of opiate and 87% of alcohol patients. PMID 6328354 reports similar success in 67 patients (28 alcohol, 39 opiate) with 48 of 49 evaluable patients showing benefit. These studies were uncontrolled but the response rate was notable.
  • Chronic pain pilot — Larbig W, Gerber WD, Kluck M, Schoenenberger GA. Therapeutic effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in patients with chronic, pronounced pain episodes. A clinical pilot study. Eur Neurol. 1984;23(5):372-385. Reported symptomatic improvement in chronic pain; uncontrolled design.
  • MDD (major depressive disorder) association — Measured levels point both ways: in 34 suicide attempters with major depression, plasma DSIP-like immunoreactivity was higher than in matched controls (Westrin et al., 1998), while spinal-fluid DSIP was lower in patients with depression or schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers (Lindström et al., 1985).
  • Narcolepsy — One case report: repeated DSIP injections in a 35-year-old man with narcolepsy, whose author reported fewer sleep attacks and more daytime alertness (Schneider-Helmert, 1984).
  • HPA axis and stress — Rodent studies (Salieva 1992) suggest DSIP increases hypothalamic (brain's hormonal control center) substance P and increases stress-resistance. Human translation minimal.
  • Kovalzon review 2006 — Kovalzon VM, Strekalova TV. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle. J Neurochem. 2006;97(2):303-309. Titled "unresolved riddle" for a reason: nearly thirty years after DSIP was isolated, no DSIP gene, precursor protein or receptor had been found, and the authors called the case for DSIP as a sleep factor "extremely poorly documented and still weak." They proposed that a related, still-unidentified peptide may account for its activity.
Critical Context — Mechanistic Underdetermination

The withdrawal and pain results come from studies without a control group (Dick et al., 1984; Larbig et al., 1984), and the placebo-controlled insomnia trials found weak effects or none (Monti et al., 1987; Bes et al., 1992).

Human Data

DSIP’s human trial record dates from 1981 to 1992, from Swiss, Dutch and Uruguayan groups:

  • Chronic insomnia trials (Swiss group) — Multiple small trials in middle-aged chronic insomniacs at 25 nmol/kg IV DSIP. Net result: mixed — acute signal of improved sleep continuity in some studies, equivocal double-blind result in others. The 1992 double-blind trial concluded short-term DSIP "not likely to be of major therapeutic benefit" for chronic insomnia.
  • Alcohol withdrawal trials — 87% symptom alleviation reported in uncontrolled IV DSIP administration during acute alcohol withdrawal. Findings from Dick/Tissot 1984 cohort of 107 patients.
  • Opiate withdrawal trials — 97% symptom alleviation reported in uncontrolled IV DSIP administration during acute opiate withdrawal. Same Dick/Tissot 1984 cohort plus follow-up. A few patients reported headaches, the only adverse effect the abstract names (Dick et al., 1984).
  • Chronic pain pilot — Larbig et al. 1984 pilot in patients with chronic, pronounced pain episodes reported improvement. Uncontrolled.
  • Sleep apnea and narcolepsy — In 9 people with sleep apnea and 10 with narcolepsy, morning plasma DSIP-like immunoreactivity did not differ from 11 controls (Vgontzas et al., 1995).
  • No modern Phase 2/3 trials — No DSIP trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as active or recruiting. The compound has not received modern pharmaceutical development investment.

Reconstitution & Storage

DSIP is sold online as a freeze-dried powder labelled for research, and Deltaran, the product registered in Russia, is a 0.3 mg freeze-dried powder for a nasal solution (Vidal Russia, Deltaran). No storage or stability data for either appear in the documents read for this page, beyond a laboratory finding that DSIP breaks down quickly in blood (Graf et al., 1987).

Arithmetic only, not a recommendation: a 2 mg vial mixed with 2 mL of water holds 1 mg/mL, so 0.1 mL (10 units on a U-100 insulin syringe) holds 100 µg. The calculator does the same arithmetic for any vial.

→ Calculator — vial-to-syringe math

Side Effects & Risks

Important

The safety data come from small trials of 1981 to 1992 that gave DSIP by vein, once or on a few days (Schneider-Helmert et al., 1981; Dick et al., 1984; Bes et al., 1992). No trial has tested the doses or routes sold online. Consult a licensed healthcare provider.

What the trials recorded:

  • Headache — In the 107-patient withdrawal study, tolerance was good aside from headaches in a few patients (Dick et al., 1984).
  • Sleepiness — In healthy volunteers, sleep came on within about two hours of an infusion, but behavioural and EEG tests found no sedation in the classic pharmacologic sense, and no psychological, physiological or biochemical side effects (Schneider-Helmert et al., 1981).
  • Brief arousal — In insomnia patients, a slight arousing effect appeared in the first hour, before sleep improved in the second (Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, 1981).
  • Drug interactions — None was studied in the trials cited here.
  • Pregnancy and children — No study in either appears in the documents read for this page.
  • Long-term safety — The trials gave single doses or a few days of doses (Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, 1981; Bes et al., 1992); no long-term study appears in the documents read for this page.
  • What is in a vial — DSIP is sold online as a research chemical; no analysis of such products appears in the documents read for this page.
  • WADA — Not named on the 2026 Prohibited List. It is registered in Russia as Deltaran, so S0, which covers substances with no government approval, does not apply (WADA Prohibited List 2026; Vidal Russia, Deltaran).

Bloodwork & Monitoring

No monitoring guidance for DSIP has been published. What the trials measured:

  • Sleep by polysomnography — Sleep latency, efficiency, stages and awakenings (Monti et al., 1987; Bes et al., 1992).
  • Subjective sleep and tiredness — Rated by the patients (Bes et al., 1992).
  • Withdrawal symptoms — Clinical evaluation by physicians and nurses (Dick et al., 1984).
  • Psychological tests and EEG — In the first study in healthy volunteers (Schneider-Helmert et al., 1981).
  • Which tests fit a given person — A question for a licensed healthcare provider. This page can’t answer it.

Commonly Stacked With

No published study tests DSIP with another compound. The pairings below are ones online sleep protocols describe; none has been tested together.

Melatonin

Paired with DSIP before bed in online sleep protocols. No study of the two together exists. Kalios has no melatonin page.

Selank

Paired with DSIP in online sleep and anxiety protocols. No study of the two together exists.

Tested together in people: none published · Read the receipt →

Epithalon

Paired with DSIP in online longevity-and-sleep protocols. No study of the two together exists.

Tested together in people: none published · Read the receipt →

Stacking this? Read the receipt →

→ Calculator — vial-to-syringe math

Legal Status

PCAC vote — July 24, 2026: 6 yes, 7 no, 1 abstain, 1 not voting. Recommended AGAINST. Emideltide (DSIP) was the only one of the seven July 2026 peptides the committee voted against. FDA staff had also recommended against inclusion. Not on the 503A Bulks List; not legal to compound. Full tracker →
Current Status — September 2026

Emideltide (DSIP) was removed from Category 2 on April 22, 2026 (FDA notice April 15, 2026). PCAC voted against it on July 23–24, 2026. Not legal to compound today. On July 24, 2026 the committee voted 6 yes, 7 no, 1 abstention (1 not voting) — recommending Emideltide (both free base and acetate forms) NOT be added to the 503A Bulks List. It was the only one of the seven July 2026 compounds the committee voted against. FDA staff had also recommended against inclusion.

Emideltide is not on the 503A Bulks List. Absent a future PCAC re-review or FDA action, it cannot be legally compounded from bulk drug substance under 503A.

DSIP is not named on the WADA Prohibited List. It is registered in Russia, so S0, which covers substances with no current government approval for human therapeutic use, does not apply (WADA Prohibited List 2026).

Outside the United States, DSIP is registered in Russia as Deltaran, a 0.3 mg nasal product sold without prescription, registration renewed July 31, 2026 (Vidal Russia, Deltaran).

Cost & Access

DSIP is sold online as a research chemical; no analysis of such products appears in the documents read for this page.

Pricing and availability vary and are set by the seller. Kalios does not sell compounds.

References

  1. Schoenenberger GA, Monnier M. Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram (-sleep)-inducing peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74(3):1282-1286. PMID: 265572. (The isolation and naming paper.)
  2. Schneider-Helmert D, Schoenenberger GA. The influence of synthetic DSIP (delta-sleep-inducing-peptide) on disturbed human sleep. Experientia. 1981;37(9):913-917. PMID: 7028502.
  3. Monti JM, Debellis J, Alterwain P, Pellejero T, Monti D. Study of delta sleep-inducing peptide efficacy in improving sleep on short-term administration to chronic insomniacs. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1987;7(2):105-110. PMID: 3583493.
  4. Bes F, Hofman W, Schuur J, Van Boxtel C. Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients. A double-blind study. Neuropsychobiology. 1992;26(4):193-197. PMID: 1299794. (Double-blind negative/marginal result for chronic insomnia.)
  5. Schneider-Helmert D, Gnirss F, Monnier M, Schenker J, Schoenenberger GA. Acute and delayed effects of DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) on human sleep behavior. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1981;19(8):341-345. PMID: 6895513.
  6. Dick P, Costa C, Fayolle K, Grandjean ME, Khoshbeen A, Tissot R. DSIP in the treatment of withdrawal syndromes from alcohol and opiates. Eur Neurol. 1984;23(5):364-371. PMID: 6548969. (The 107-patient alcohol/opiate withdrawal study.)
  7. Dick P, Grandjean ME, Tissot R. Successful treatment of withdrawal symptoms with delta sleep-inducing peptide, a neuropeptide with potential agonistic activity on opiate receptors. Neuropsychobiology. 1983;10(4):205-208. PMID: 6328354.
  8. Larbig W, Gerber WD, Kluck M, Schoenenberger GA. Therapeutic effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in patients with chronic, pronounced pain episodes. A clinical pilot study. Eur Neurol. 1984;23(5):372-385. PMID: 6548970.
  9. Schneider-Helmert D, Schoenenberger GA. Effects of DSIP in man. Multifunctional psychophysiological properties besides induction of natural sleep. Neuropsychobiology. 1983;9(4):197-206. PMID: 6689058.
  10. Kovalzon VM, Strekalova TV. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle. J Neurochem. 2006;97(2):303-309. PMID: 16539679. (The defining modern review — "unresolved riddle" captures the field's state.)
  11. Westrin A, Ekman R, Träskman-Bendz L. High delta sleep-inducing peptide-like immunoreactivity in plasma in suicidal patients with major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;43(10):734-739. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00254-0. PMID: 9606527.
  12. Lindström LH, Ekman R, Walleus H, Widerlöv E. Delta-sleep inducing peptide in cerebrospinal fluid from schizophrenics, depressives and healthy volunteers. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1985;9(1):83-90. doi:10.1016/0278-5846(85)90182-4. PMID: 2859636.
  13. Vgontzas AN, Friedman TC, Chrousos GP, Bixler EO, Vela-Bueno A, Kales A. Delta sleep-inducing peptide in normal humans and in patients with sleep apnea and narcolepsy. Peptides. 1995;16(6):1153-1156. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(95)00092-x. PMID: 8532601. (Plasma levels: no significant difference between sleep apnea, narcolepsy and controls.)
  14. Schneider-Helmert D. Effects of DSIP on narcolepsy. Eur Neurol. 1984;23(5):353-357. doi:10.1159/000115713. PMID: 6548968.
  15. Graf MV, Kastin AJ. Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update. Peptides. 1986;7(6):1165-1187. PMID: 3550726. (Classic review of the 1970s–80s data.)
  16. Graf MV, Kastin AJ, Schoenenberger GA. Delta sleep-inducing peptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1986;24(6):1797-1799. PMID: 3755534.
  17. Ebner K, Singewald N. The role of substance P in stress and anxiety responses. Amino Acids. 2006;31(3):251-272. PMID: 16820980. (Context for DSIP's proposed substance P / stress-response mechanism.)
  18. Salieva RM, Yanovskii K, Ratsak R, Trofimova YaI, Oehme P, Sudakov KV. Delta sleep-inducing peptide as a factor increasing the content of substance P in the hypothalamus and the resistance of rats to emotional stress. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 1992;22(4):275-279. PMID: 1382246. (Stress-resistance rodent paper.)
  19. Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Coy DH. Evidence that [125I]N-Tyr-delta sleep-inducing peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier by a non-competitive mechanism. Brain Res. 1984;301(2):201-207. PMID: 6547363.
  20. Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Coy DH, Angulo E. Entry of DSIP peptides into dog CSF: role of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters. Brain Res Bull. 1986;17(2):155-158. PMID: 3768731.
  21. Augustijns PF, Borchardt RT. Transport and metabolism of delta sleep-inducing peptide in cultured human intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995;23(12):1372-1378. PMID: 8689946.
  22. Graf MV, Saegesser B, Schoenenberger GA. Degradation and aggregation of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and two analogs in plasma and serum. Peptides. 1987;8(4):599-603. PMID: 3628078.
  23. Riou F, Cespuglio R, Jouvet M. Endogenous peptides and sleep in the rat: III. The hypnogenic properties of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Neuropeptides. 1982;2(5):265-277. doi:10.1016/0143-4179(82)90016-6. (Context for sleep-peptide field.)
  24. FDA. Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (503A categories list), versions updated April 15, April 22 and May 14, 2026. fda.gov/media/94155/download. Read October 3, 2026. (Notice that 12 peptides would leave Category 2 because their nominations were withdrawn; their removal; GHK-Cu, except injectable, back in Category 1.)
  25. World Anti-Doping Agency. Prohibited List 2026 (in effect January 1, 2026). S0, Non-approved substances. wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf. Read October 3, 2026.
  26. Vidal Russia. Дельтаран® (Deltaran; delta sleep-inducing peptide 0.3 mg) lyophilisate for intranasal solution: registration ЛП-№(016126)-(РГ-RU) of July 31, 2026 (earlier ЛП-003849); non-prescription; holder NIC KOMKON. vidal.ru/drugs/deltaran. Read October 3, 2026.

Also for sleep & focus

Tested together in people

None published · Read the receipt →

See every change to this page → · Status now →

Checked 13 Oct 2026